张謇立宪改良主义思想的衍进、构成及启示

The Evolution,Composition and Enlightenment of Zhang Jian's Thought of Constitutional Reformism

张謇的立宪改良主义思想萌芽于儒家思想中的忠君爱国之道,在清政府内忧外患之际过渡为君主立宪,在对清政府彻底失望后转向民主共和。政体的选择、国家经济的发展方向、中央与地方的关系三方面内容,统一于张謇立宪改良主义思想的框架之内。张謇的立宪改良主义道路最终失败,根本原因在于中国的社会环境与西方大异其趣,中国数千年来孕育的独特人文图景难以套用西方模式。张謇作为真正意义上的立宪践行者,值得今人深入解读与思考。

Zhang Jian′s thought of constitutional reformism went through three stages.It initially germinated in the Confucian doctrine of patriotism and loyalty to the monarch,then became constitutional monarchy when the Qing government was suffering from internal and external troubles,and finally turned to democracy and republic after he became completely disappointed with the Qing government.The choice of regime,the direction of the country′s economic development and the relationship between the central and local governments are unified in the big frame of his constitutional reformism.The fundamental reason for the failure of his constitutional reformism lies in China′s differences from the western countries in social environment,causing difficulty in applying the western model to the unique cultural landscape of China which has been cultivated locally for thousands of years.Zhang Jian,as the practitioner of constitutionalism,is still worth in-depth interpretations and thinking.