基于社会力模型的重庆商业中心区疏散道路休憩设施布置研究

Rest Facility Layout of Evacuation Roads Based on the Social Force Model in Chongqing Commercial Center

疏散道路是商业中心区室外人员应急步行疏散的通行空间,其畅通性是确保应急步行疏散高效完成的重要支撑。休憩设施作为商业中心区外部空间常见的景观元素与疏散道路畅通性相联系。以突发事件下重庆商业中心区人员应急步行疏散作为背景条件,以人的尺度为依托兼顾人员的不同类型,基于控制变量法,采用社会力模型从微观仿真层面研究了常见休憩设施对疏散道路畅通性的影响。结果表明:单株乔木方形或圆形树池坐凳皆不利于疏散道路畅通性,且单株乔木方形树池坐凳对疏散道路通畅性影响的不利程度比相同面积圆形树池坐凳更加显著;当单株乔木方形树池坐凳的边长小于4.5 m时,不同边长对疏散道路畅通性的制约程度明显弱于其边长大于4.5 m的制约性,反之,不同尺寸的单株乔木圆形树池坐凳对疏散道路畅通性的制约程度差别较小;成团树池坐凳的布局形式对疏散道路畅通性的制约程度不同,位于道路两侧布置的布局形式对疏散道路畅通性的制约作用弱于在疏散道路中央布置的布局形式。该研究补充了休憩设施与人员应急疏散安全的基础数据,为休憩设施的布置提供了相关建议,拓展了街区层面应急步行疏散的相关知识。

Evacuation roads are passing space for emergency walking evacuation of outdoor personnel in the commercial center,and to keep them smooth is essential for ensuring the high efficiency of emergency wal-king evacuation.As a common landscape in central commercial districts,the rest facilities influence the smoothness of evacuation roads.Under the background of emergency walking evacuation of personnel in Chongqing commercial center in emergency,based on the scale of human beings,this study takes into account different types of personnel and adopts the control variable method.What’s more,the study uses the social force model from the micro-simulation level to study the impact of the common rest facility on the smoothness of evacuation roads.The result shows that square or round single-tree benches are not conducive to the smoothness of evacuation roads.The impact of square single-tree benches is more unfavorable than that of round ones in the same plane area.When the side length of square single-tree benches is less than 4.5 meters,the restriction degree of different side lengths on the smoothness of evacuation roads is obviously weaker than that of side lengths greater than 4.5 meters.On the contrary,there is little diffe-rence in the restriction of different plane sizes of round single-tree benches on the smoothness.Different la-youts of cluster-tree benches have different restrictions on the smoothness.The layout form located on both sides of the road has a weaker constraint on the smoothness of the evacuation road than that located in the center of the evacuation road.The research adds the basic data on the safety of rest facilities and personnel emergency evacuation,provides suggestions for the layout of rest facilities,and furthermore,expands the knowledge of emergency pedestrian evacuation at the block level.