农户投融资特征——基于浙江金华千户农民的问卷调查

Research on the Investment and Financing of Rural Households——Based on a Survey of Thousands of Rural Households in Jinhua

在深入贯彻执行乡村振兴战略和"双循环"战略,尤其是浙江推动高质量发展、建设共同富裕示范区的新时期,考察农户的投融资特征具有重要意义。通过分析浙江金华市2300个农户的入户调查问卷,研究发现:农户融资偏好正规金融机构,农户总体上未明显受到正规金融机构的信贷供给型约束,农户向正规金融机构申请贷款时最在乎的是利率;农户投资最为偏好的金融产品是银行存款,农户投资有强烈的风险规避特征,农户缺乏最基本的金融投资知识。根据分析,得到四点启示:一是当前完善正规金融体系比发展非正规金融体系更为重要;二是当前在农户正规金融信贷约束问题上降低需求方约束比降低供给方约束更为重要;三是农户金融投资意识中安全比收益更为重要;四是农户普及金融基础知识比提高文化程度更为重要。

In the new period of thoroughly implementing the“rural revitalization strategy”and the“dual circulation”strategy and building a common prosperity demonstration area with high-quality development in Zhejiang,it is of great significance to study the investment and financing of rural households.We conduct a survey of 2300 rural households in 72 villages,18 townships and towns in 9 counties(cities and districts)of Jinhua City.The results show that rural households prefer formal financial institutions in financing,and rural households are not obviously constrained by the credit supply of formal financial institutions.When rural households apply for loans from formal financial institutions,they most care about the interest rate.The most preferred financial instrument for rural households’investment is bank deposit.Farmers have strong risk aversion characteristics in investment.Farmers lack the basic financial investment knowledge.The implications of the research are as follows:firstly,at present,improving the formal financial system is more important than developing the informal financial system in rural areas;secondly,it is more important to reduce the demand side constraints than the supply side constraints on the formal financial credit constraints of rural households;thirdly,in farmers’awareness of financial investment,safety is more important than profitability;fourthly,popularizing basic financial knowledge among rural households is more important than improving farmers’educational level.