施肥对油莎豆根际微生物群落特性的影响

Effect of fertilization on the characteristics of soil microbial community in the rhizosphere of Cyperus esculentus in the sandy area of Xinjiang

以新疆沙区油莎豆为研究对象,探究不同施肥处理对油莎豆根际土壤微生物群落组成和多样性的影响,对于新疆沙区油莎豆的田间养分管理和地力提升具有重要意义。结果表明:施肥均显著提高了油莎豆根际土壤有机质(OM)、有效磷(AP)、碱解氮(AN)和速效钾(AK)含量(P<0.05)。油莎豆根际土壤细菌和真菌的多样性指数(Chao、Ace和Shannon指数)随施肥量的增加呈降低趋势;根际土壤优势细菌群落为放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),真菌的优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。冗余分析表明:土壤pH和电导率(EC)与主要的优势细菌门呈显著相关关系,土壤含水率与主要的优势真菌群落显著相关。综上所述,施肥通过影响土壤理化性质而改变油莎豆根际的土壤微生物群落结构和多样性,随施肥量的增加根际土壤微生物多样性均出现降低。土壤pH和EC是影响土壤细菌群落变化的驱动因子,影响真菌群落变化的主要因子为土壤有机质和含水率。

The effects of different fertilization treatments on the microbial community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Cyperus esculentus should be explored to improve the nutrient content and manage the soil fertility of the Xinjiang sandy area.In this study,C.esculentus in the sandy area of Xinjiang was used as the research object.Results showed that fertilization significantly increased the soil available potassium,available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable-nitrogen,and soil organic matter content.Chao,Ace,and Shannon indices of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of C.esculentus increased as fertilization rates decreased.The dominant bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were Actinomycota,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Chloroflexus,and the dominant fungal communities were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Fertilization affected the physical and chemical properties of the soil and consequently altered the soil microbial community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of C.esculentus.Soil microbiome diversity decreased as fertilization rates increased.Redundancy analysis indicated that the main factors influencing the soil bacterial community were soil pH and electrical conductivity,and those affecting the change in the fungal communities were soil organic matter and moisture content.