健康风险评价方法及其在大气环境污染中的应用示范

Review of Health Risk Assessment Methods and Their Application Demonstration in Air Pollution

频发的环境污染事件对人体健康构成一定的威胁,健康风险评价引起关注,不少国家推出了环境健康风险评价技术体系与方法。在阐述健康风险评价概念及发展的基础上,重点介绍被广泛采用和借鉴的美国国家科学院(NAS)提出的“四步法”,并应用于大气环境中有机污染物多环芳烃暴露的健康风险评价。目前技术层面上主要存在忽视多种污染物的复合或协同作用,忽略多种途径的共同暴露等问题,从而影响健康风险评价结果的准确性。

Frequent environmental pollution events pose a certain threat to human health.Health risk assessment has attracted attention.Many countries have introduced the technical system and methods of environmental health risk assessment.Based on the introduction of the concept and development of health risk assessment,the“four-step method”proposed by National Academy of Sciences(NAS),which has been widely adopted and used for reference,is mainly introduced.The“four step method”has be enapplied to the health risk assessment of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in atmospheric environment.At the current technical level,there are mainly problems such as neglecting the compound or synergistic effects of multiple pollutants and neglecting the joint exposure of multiple pathways,which affect the accuracy of health risk assessment results.