2016-2020年北京市顺义区流行性感冒病例特征分析

Analysis of influenza cases in Shunyi district of Beijing from 2016 to 2020

目的分析北京市顺义区2016—2020年流行性感冒(流感)病例的流行病学特征,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法对"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"中报告的发病时间在2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日,现住址为北京市顺义区的流感病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2016—2020年北京市顺义区共报告流感病例13778例,年均发病率为247.98/10万,2019年流感发病率最高为609.84/10万。顺义区流感有季节性发病特点,每年发病高峰在12月至次年2月,呈明显的冬春季高发态势。顺义区各镇街均有病例报告,14个城镇地区的年平均发病率为305.65/10万,11个农村地区的年平均发病率为105.16/10万,城镇地区与农村地区之间的年平均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3554.65,P<0.01)。男性发病率为122.46/10万;女性发病率为125.52/10万,不同性别发病率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.088,P=0.148)。病例主要集中在15岁以下人群,占病例总数的66.18%。流感病例数位居前三位的职业为散居儿童、托幼儿童和学生,合计占病例总数的68.17%。结论近5年顺义区流感发病率呈逐年上升趋势,有明显季节性和城镇地区高发特征,应重点针对学生和儿童开展流感防控工作,同时加强流感疫苗接种及健康教育宣传,阻断流感传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Shunyi district of Beijing from 2016 to 2020.Methods Data of local influenza cases(current address is Shunyi district)reported in China Disease Prevention and Control Information during 1 st January,2016 to 31 th December,2020 were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiology.Results From 2016 to 2020,a total of 13778 cases of influenza were reported in Shunyi district with an average annual incidence of 247.98/100000.The highest incidence of influenza in 2019 was 609.84/100000.The epidemic of influenza showed a seasonal characteristic with higher incidence in winter and spring.The peak of influenza incidence wes from December to February of the following year.Cases were reported from all towns and streets in Shunyi district,with an average annual incidence of 305.65/100000 in 14 urban areas and 105.16/100000 in 11 rural areas.There was significant difference in annual average incidence rates between urban and rural areas(χ^(2)=3554.65,P<0.01).The male incidence rate was 122.46/100000 while female was 125.52/100000(χ^(2)=2.088,P=0.148).The majority of cases were in people under 15 years old,accounting for 66.18%of the total number of cases.The top three occupations of influenza cases were scattered children,kindergarten children,students,accounting for 68.17%of the total number of cases.Conclusions The incidence of influenza in Shunyi district of Beijing has been increasing year by year in the past five years.Higher incidence are found in winter and spring and in urban areas.The prevention and control of influenza among students and children should be strengthened.Health education should be enhanced to prevent the spread of influenza.