《秦风·无衣》篇诗句的句法语义及其他——对一种以并联法为重要造句手段的动词型语言的个案分析

A Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of“Wuyi”,a Poem in The Book of Songs:A Case Study of a Verby Language with Conjoin as the Main Sentence-making Strategy

从新描写主义的视角分析《诗·秦风·无衣》,就是要以“解剖麻雀”之法对该诗篇所涉及的句法语义等诸多问题做细颗粒度的微观刻画、描写与分析。通过对该诗篇的研究,发现与现代汉语相比,上古汉语更有资格称得上是一种动词型语言。一些按照现代汉语的语感会确凿无疑被理解为名词或介词或副词的词,在《诗经》所代表的上古汉语中其实是动词。除此之外,上古汉语还是一个以并联(Conjoin)法为重要造句手段的语言,一些按照现代汉语语感会理解为连动或主从结构(包括动结式)的结构,在上古汉语中很可能是动词并联结构。

In the spirit of new descriptivism,this paper makes a detailed analysis of the poem titled“Wuyi”in The Book of Songs in terms of syntax and semantics,claiming that archaic Chinese is more qualified as a verby language than modern Chinese.Many nouns,prepositions or adverbs in modern Chinese are verbs in archaic Chinese represented by The Book of Songs.In addition,conjoin played an important role in sentence-making in archaic Chinese and many serial verb constructions or subordinate structures(including verb-resultative constructions)in modern Chinese are probably verb conjoined constructions in archaic Chinese.