回到人及其体验——探索一种政治经济过程和社会功能之外的朝圣研究进路

Return to Person and Experience:An Approach to the Research on Pilgrimage besides the Political and Economic Process and Social Functions

朝圣研究在西方学界兴起已有几十年的时间,研究成果颇丰。在已有的朝圣研究中,有两类研究进路得到较多的采纳,一是考察朝圣制度的生成,注重政治经济过程对朝圣体系的建构作用;二是关注朝圣带来的各类社会性后果,倾向于功能性地看待朝圣。以上海佘山天主教朝圣为例来尝试探讨一种以体验为中心的朝圣研究进路,可以在政治经济学和功能视角之外以一种“内部”的视角来看待朝圣行为。这一视角聚焦在凝结了全部的社会、文化、历史的“人”身上,具体落实在朝圣者的体验上。通过朝圣者体验的角度,期待能够更深入地呈现朝圣本身的样貌,由此达成对于朝圣更为全面的认识。

Pilgrimage research has been rising and has yielded abundant achievements in the(Western)academic circle in recent decades.Among the literature of pilgrimage research,mostly is either on the formation of pilgrimage or on the social consequences of pilgrimage.The first approach emphasizes the political and economic process of the formation,while the second focuses on the functions of the pilgrimage.Mainly based on the fieldwork of a Catholic Pilgrimage practice in Mount She,Shanghai,this paper aims to explore an experience-centered approach,or a rather“insider’s”view to look at the pilgrimage besides the two dominant approaches.This approach focuses on the socially,culturally and historically embedded person,especially the pilgrim’s bodily experience.In this way,this study hopes to present the original status of the pilgrim to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of pilgrimage.