重庆市公租房居民职住时空特征研究

A STUDY ON THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESIDENTS’JOB AND RESIDENCE IN THE PUBLIC RENTAL HOUSING IN CHONGQING

近年来公共租赁住房政策成效显著,住房困难人群安居问题得到明显改善,其乐业与否也逐步受到关注。本文以重庆市主城区为例,选取网络公示配租数据,探讨2015—2020年公租房配租居民就业空间分布以及职住分离演变特征。研究发现:(1)公租房居民就业少量分散于地铁站点以及公租房小区附近,多数居民就业分布在内外以内,呈中心大集聚、边缘小分散态势。(2)2015—2020年就业集聚于内环以内的态势未发生改变,局部变化受到了城市发展布局与配租数量的影响。(3)公租房居民通勤平均直线距离在14—17 km之间,距离经历小幅下降后持续上涨,居民内部分化明显,部分人群距离超过30 km,面临愈趋严重的职住分离问题。(4)居民职住分离程度在个体和社区层面上具有差异性,区位条件好的公租房小区居民职住分离程度较低,男性和收入较高的居民分离程度更高。

In recent years,the public rental housing policy has achieved remarkable results.The housing problem of people with housing difficulties has been significantly improved,and whether they are happy or not has gradually attracted attention.This paper takes the main urban area of Chongqing as an example,selects online public rent distribution data,and explores the spatial distribution of public rental housing tenants’employment distribution and the evolution characteristics of separation of work and residence from 2015 to2020.The study found that:1)A small amount of public rental housing residents’employment is scattered around subway stations and public rental housing communities,and most residents’employment is distributed inside and outside,showing a trend of large concentration in the center and small dispersion on the periphery.2)From 2015 to 2020,the situation of employment gathering within the inner ring has not changed,and the local changes are affected by the urban development layout and the number of allocated rents.3)The average straight-line commuting distance of residents in public rental housing is between 14-17 km,and it continues to rise after a slight decline.Residents are differentiated significantly.Some people are more than30 km away and are facing an increasingly serious problem of separation of work and residence.4)The degree of separation between residence and occupation of residents differs at the individual and community levels.Residents in public rental housing communities with good location conditions have a lower degree of separation between occupation and residence,and the degree of separation between men and residents with higher incomes is higher.