高速列车空气弹簧横向特性动力学建模与应用

Dynamic Modeling and Application of Lateral Characteristics for High Speed Train Air Spring

为了优化高速列车空气弹簧的横向动力学特性,以含附加气室与节流阻尼孔的高速列车空气弹簧为研究对象,分析了橡胶气囊在横向变形下的受力状态,采用橡胶材料的本构关系对橡胶气囊的摩擦力、线弹力进行了描述,建立了空气弹簧横向非线性模型。基于实测数据和有限元方法辨识了摩擦力、线弹力和其他动力学参数,试验验证了该模型的准确性,探究了空气弹簧横向刚度特性的影响因素。将该模型直接导入到车辆动力学模型中进行联合仿真,计算空气弹簧模型对车辆运行平稳性、曲线通过性的影响。结果表明:考虑橡胶气囊特性的空气弹簧模型能描述出刚度回滞曲线的两端尖角效应,且与试验曲线更接近;该模型在动力学计算中能降低高速列车的横向平稳性指标,并提高列车通过曲线时的计算精度。

In order to optimize the lateral dynamic characteristics of high-speed train air springs,a high-speed train air spring with auxiliary chamber and the throttle orifice is taken as research object. The force state of rubber airbag under lateral deformation is analyzed. The frictional force and linear elastic force of rubber airbags are described by the constitutive relationship of rubber materials,and a transverse nonlinear model of the air spring is established. Based on the measured data and finite element method,the frictional force,linear elastic force and other dynamic parameters are identified. The accuracy of the model is verified by experiments,and the influencing factors of the lateral stiffness characteristics of the air spring are explored. The influence of the air spring model on the running stability and curve passability of the vehicle is calculated by importing the model into the vehicle dynamics model for joint simulation. The results show that the air spring model considering the characteristics of the rubber airbag can describe the sharp angle effect of the two ends of the stiffness hysteresis curve and it is closer to the test curve. By introducing the presented model,the lateral stability index of the high-speed train can be reduced in the dynamic calculation,and the calculation accuracy can be improved when passing the curve.