鸭甲型肝炎病毒1型的鉴定及防治研究进展

Research progress on identification and prevention of DHAV-1

鸭病毒性肝炎(duck viral hepatitis,DVH)是一种具有高度接触性和高致死率的传染病,主要病原为鸭甲型肝炎病毒(duck hepatitis A viral,DHAV)。其特点是肝空泡增多、肝坏死和出血。幼雏鸭感染后的病死率可达95%以上。鸭甲型肝炎病毒可分为DHAV-1、DHAV-2和DHAV-3共3种血清型,其中DHAV-1最广泛且毒性最强。为准确、高效、特异地鉴定DHAV,建立一系列检测方法。目前较为常用的是间接酶联免疫吸附试验(I-ELISA)。对DHAV-1的防治早期多使用灭活苗和弱毒苗,但是并未达到理想的免疫效果。近年来,很多研究集中于基因工程疫苗及中药的应用,对于防治DHAV-1具有很好的前景。

Duck viral hepatitis(DVH)is an infectious disease with high contact and high fatality rate.The main pathogen is duck hepatitis A viral(DHAV).The infection is characterized by increased liver vacuoles,liver necrosis and hemorrhage.The mortality rate of young ducklings after infection can reach more than 95%.Duck hepatitis A virus can be divided into three serotypes:DHAV-1,DHAV-2 and DHAV-3.Among them,DHAV-1 is the most widespread and most virulent serotype,which has caused huge economic losses to the global poultry industry.In order to accurately,efficiently and specifically identify DHAV,a series of detection methods have been established.At present,the more commonly used indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(I-ELISA).In the early stage of prevention and treatment of DHAV-1,inactivated vaccines and attenuated vaccines are mostly used,but the immune effect is not ideal.Recently,many studies have focused on genetic engineering vaccines and traditional Chinese medicine,which have good application prospects for the prevention and treatment of DHAV-1.