常熟言氏与清代先贤言子祭祀的展开

Changshu Yan Clan and the Unfolding of the Sacrificial Ritual for the Sage Yanzi in the Qing Dynasty

儒家的祭祀系统和祭祀活动既易受到政治变动的影响,又往往成为思想与文化新方向的表征。近年来,在新文化史兴起的背景下,它越来越受到研究者的关注。随着晚明以来儒家先贤奉祀制度的发展,地方先贤后裔家族开始积极参与奉祀活动,先贤言子后裔就是其中的代表。清初言氏家族利用先贤后裔的特殊身份,重构了家族在地方和国家秩序中的地位和文化身份。对清代常熟言子祭祀的考察,可以揭示这类兼有家族和官方性质的祭祀活动在清朝政治和文化环境中存在的状况,对了解江南地方儒学发展的特点也有一定的启示作用。

The Confucian sacrificial system and sacrificial activities are not only influenced by political changes,but also often become the manifestation of new directions of thoughts and culture,which,in recent years,are increas-ingly attracting the concern of researchers in the background of the rise of new cultural history.With the develop-ment of the Confucian sage worship ritual system since the late Ming dynasty,families descended from local sages began to participate actively in the rituals.The descendants of the sage Yanzi are the representatives of this activities.The Yan clan used their special status as descendants of sages in the early Qing dynasty to reconfigure the family's position and cultural identity in the local and national order.An examination of the Yanzi rituals in Changshu during Qing dynasty can shed some light on the conditions in which such rituals,which were both familial and official in na-ture,existed in the political and cultural environment of the Qing dynasty,being of certain enlightening function for understanding the characteristics of the development of local Confucianism in Jiangnan.