次氯酸钠用于饮用水消毒时副产物风险和控制

Risk and Control of By-products in Drinking Water Disinfection with Sodium Hypochlorite

近年来,在饮用水消毒领域,次氯酸钠消毒法已开始部分取代以液氯投加为主的传统氯化消毒法,并展现出一定优势。然而,由于其体系的特殊性,次氯酸钠消毒副产物的种类、浓度及其影响因素也与其他氯化消毒法存在差异。首先介绍了氯化消毒法副产物问题的共性,之后探讨了基于次氯酸钠的氯化消毒法副产物的特殊性,并详细分析了分别基于商品次氯酸钠溶液投加和电解在线生成次氯酸钠两种氯化消毒法对消毒副产物生成的影响,以及国内外饮用水消毒副产物的相关标准与规定,最后指出现场电解制取次氯酸钠更有可能成为饮用水消毒的最佳选择。

In recent years,sodium hypochlorite(NaClO)solution began to use for replacing liquid chlorine in drinking water disinfection,and exhibited effect superiority to a certain extent.However,there exists difference for the disinfection by-product(DBP)species,concentrations and influences between NaClO disinfection and other chlorine disinfection methods due to the chemical particularity of this disinfection method.In this review,the universality of DBPs in chlorine disinfection methods was firstly introduced,and the particularities of NaClO disinfection were discussed.The special implications and controlling strategies of DBPs in drinking water disinfection by using commercial NaClO solution and on-site NaClO generators,and the relative standards by domestic and overseas for drinking water disinfection were introduced in details.Comparing with other disinfection methods,on-site NaClO generating method may be the best choose for drinking water disinfection in waterworks.