河西走廊棉田主要害虫发生动态及植物源杀虫剂防治技术

Occurrence dynamics of major pests in cotton areas and the control techniques with botanical pesticides in the Hexi Corridor,China

为了解甘肃省河西走廊棉区5种常见害虫的田间种群消长动态,明确防治适期并提出以植物源药剂为主的棉花害虫绿色防控技术,于甘肃省敦煌市和瓜州县棉田连续3年采用人工调查和性诱剂诱捕器监测棉蚜Aphis gossypii、棉叶螨、棉蓟马Thrips tabaci、烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci及棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的发生动态,同时开展以植物源农药为主的不同类型杀虫剂的田间药效筛选试验,建立科学防控用药技术流程。结果表明,棉蚜全年有6月中旬和7月中下旬2个发生高峰期,建议防治适期为7月上中旬;棉叶螨全年有7月上旬和7月下旬(2017年除外)2个发生高峰期,建议防治适期为6月下旬和7月中旬;烟粉虱全年只有8月中旬至9月中下旬1个高峰期,建议防治适期为8月上中旬;棉蓟马全年只有7月上旬至8月上旬1个高峰期,建议防治适期为7月上旬;棉铃虫1年发生3代,幼虫在7月下旬、9月上旬和9月中旬各有1个发生高峰期,成虫在7月上中旬、8月中下旬和9月中旬各有1个高峰期,建议防治适期应为7月上旬。软皂水剂、藜芦碱、苦参碱、啶虫脒和吡虫啉可用于防控棉蚜,药后14 d防效达76.93%~91.25%;藜芦碱、苦参碱、矿物油、软皂水剂、松油、阿维菌素、阿维·哒螨灵、螺螨酯和硅藻土+有机硅助剂可用于防控棉叶螨,药后10 d防效达72.39%~92.81%;软皂水剂、藜芦碱、印楝素、硅藻土+有机硅助剂、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪可用于防控烟粉虱,药后7 d防效达65.84%~84.29%;除虫菊素、苦参碱、多杀霉素、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉可用于防控棉蓟马,药后14 d防效达72.92%~90.93%。表明在该地区棉田主要害虫防治适期,建立以植物源农药替代传统化学药剂的防控技术,可用于我国河西走廊棉区棉花害虫的绿色防控。

In order to clarify the field population dynamics of five common cotton pests in the cotton area of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province,screen high-efficiency and low-toxicity botanical pesticides,provide a reference for the green prevention and control of regional cotton pests and reduce the use of chemical pesticides,the research was conducted in Dunhuang City and Guazhou County,Gansu Province for three consecutive years in 2017—2019.The pest population dynamics of Aphis gossypii,cotton spider mites,Thrips tabaci,Bemisia tabaci and Helicoverpa armigera were investigated by manual survey and sexual attractant entrapment in the field.Meanwhile,the field efficacy screening tests of different insecticides(e.g.,botanical pesticides)were carried out to establish a scientific insecticide control technical process.The results showed that there were two peak periods for A.gossypii in a year,i.e.,mid-June and mid-to-late July,respectively,and thus the suitble period for controlling A.gossypii might be early and mid-July.There were two peak periods for cotton spider mites in a year,i.e.,early and late July,and it was recommended to control cotton spider mites in late June and mid-July.B.tabaci and T.tabaci had only one peak throughout the year,occurring from mid-August to mid-to-late September and early-July to early-August,respectively,and it was recommended to control these two pests in earlymid August and early July,respectively.Three generations of H.armigera occurred a year,and the larvae have three peaks in late July,early September and middle September,respectively,while the adults had three peaks in early and mid-July,mid-to-late August and middle September,respectively.It was recommended to control H.armigera in early July,focusing on the second generation of larvae.Veratrine,matrine,soft soap,acetamiprid and imidacloprid could be used for the control of A.gossypii with a control effect from 76.93%to 91.25%on the 14th day after spraying;veratrine,matrine,mineral oil,soft soap,pine oil,abamectin,abamectin·pyridaben,spirodiclofen,diatomite+silicone additives could be used for the prevention of cotton spider mites with a control effect from 72.39%to 92.81%on the 10th day after spraying;soft soap,veratrine,azadirachtin,abamectin,thiamethoxam,diatomite+silicone additives could be used for the prevention of B.tabaci with a control effect from 65.84%to 84.29%on the 7th day after spraying,and pyrethrin,matrine,spinosyn,thiamethoxam and imidacloprid could be used for the prevention of T.tabaci with a control effect from 72.92%to 90.93%on the 14th day after spraying.The results indicated that the technology of replacing traditional chemical agents with botanical pesticides is applicable for the green control of cotton pests in the Hexi Corridor of China.