机械超材料研究进展

Research Progress of Mechanical Metamaterials

机械超材料因其具有传统材料所不具有的独特力学性能而受到学者的广泛关注。其独特新颖的性能与自身结构紧密相关,通过设计和制备不同的结构,能够使材料具有许多独特的力学性能。目前,制备工艺的发展和进步使得制备具有任意复杂微米或纳米结构的材料成为现实。本文综述了机械超材料领域中较为常见的几种性能:轻质高强、负泊松比、负可压缩性、负热膨胀性和超流体的研究进展,总结了机械超材料发展的限制因素,并对该领域的发展方向及研究重点进行了展望。

Owing to their unique mechanical properties compared to conventional materials,mechanical metamaterials have attracted a lot of attention.This unique and novel characteristic is closely related to the microstructure and geometry of mechanical metamaterials,rather than material composition.In addition,many special mechanical properties can also be obtained by designing and preparing various materials and structures.At present,the development of the preparation process makes it possible to prepare materials with arbitrarily complex micron or nanostructures.In the present paper,the research progress of several mechanical metamaterials properties was reviewed,including strong-ultralight,negative Poisson’s ratio,negative compressibility,negative thermal expansion,and meta-fluids.In addition,the restrictive factors of the development of mechanical composite materials were summarized,and the research key point and development directions in this field were put forward.