广西兴业龙旗顶古代铸造遗址初步调查

A Preliminary Investigation of the Ancient Foundry Site Found at Longqiding,Xingye County,Guangxi

龙旗顶古代铸造遗址位于广西玉林兴业县龙安镇绿鸦村龙旗顶山坡顶部,遗物遗存面积超过10000 m^(2)。2020年至2021年对该遗址开展了多次田野考察调查取样并开展考古类型学研究。采用X射线荧光仪、金(矿)相显微镜等研究手段对龙旗顶古代铸造遗址12个铸造炉渣、铸铁、陶范陶模样品进行了成分检测和显微结构观测。结果表明,龙旗顶古代铸造遗址的主要产品是铁锅和铁釜;遗存的生铁铸造浮渣为高铁炉渣,炉渣成分为铁硅锰磷多元系炉渣,渣中留存有生铁颗粒;铸铁显微结构是以莱氏体为主的生铁组织,铸铁成分为铁硅磷镍合金。陶范陶模一般至少由三层泥胎叠堆制成,模范的内里层材料最为精细,且有意掺进草木灰;模范中间层的材料是细小泥沙并掺杂有稻禾壳,模范外层为颗粒较粗的泥沙并掺杂有稻禾壳。陶范陶模内里层表面含有Zr耐高温防护物质。

The Longqiding ancient casting site locates at top slope of Longqiding hill in Luya village,Long’an town,Xingye county,Yulin city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Remain areas of the site exceed 10 000 m^(2).From 2020 to 2021,the authors conducted many field surveys,collected samples and archeological typology of moulds unearthed from the site.Composition and microstructure of 12 samples of casting slag,cast iron and pottery moulds from Longqiting ancient casting site are analyzed and examined with X-ray fluorescence,metallographic microscopy,and mineralographic microscopy.The results show that main products of the site are iron wok and iron kettles.Casting slags are high-iron slags of Fe-Si-Mn-P with are some cast iron prills in slags.Microstructure of cast iron is mainly ledeburite,with composition of Fe-Si-P-Ni alloy.Clay moulds are usually made of at least three layers of clay stacked on together.The inner layer of mould is the finest and intentionally combined with plant ashes The middle layer of mould is made of fine silt mixed with rice husks;the outer layer of mould is made of coarse-grained silt and mixed with rice husks.The inner surface of mould contains Zr heat-resistant protective material.