库区滑坡涌浪水域船舶系泊系统动力特性试验研究

Physical Model on Dynamic Characteristics of Ship Mooring System under Landslide-induced Wave in Reservoir

为提高海事部门在滑坡涌浪灾害下的应急应变能力,减少伤亡和损失,研究库区滑坡涌浪作用下船舶系泊系统的动力特性分析,具有极高的社会经济效益。以三峡库区岩体滑坡为研究对象,结合试验条件,模型比尺为1∶70,考虑弯曲河道涌浪的传播形态,以系泊位置、锚链布置等为变量,开展库区滑坡涌浪的物理模型试验,分析船舶系泊系统的动力特性。研究表明,滑坡涌浪对船艏锚链的作用大于对船艉锚链的作用,采用多点系泊方式可以降低锚链设计时的强度要求,船舶在远离滑坡点时所受到的影响越小,同时,锚链拉力的大小变化趋势和滑坡涌浪衰减的变化趋势一致,研究成果可以为三峡库区船舶通航安全提供新的理论依据。

In order to improve the emergency response capacity of maritime sector under landslide-induced wave disaster and reduce casualties and losses,the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the ship mooring system under the action of the landslide-induced wave in the reservoir area has extremely high social and economic benefits.Taking the rock mass landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research object,the model scale was determined to be 1∶70,the propagation of the landslide-induced wave in the shape of the curved channel was considered,and the landslide-induced wave in the reservoir area were carried out with variables such as the mooring position and the number of anchor chain layouts.The dynamic characteristics of ship mooring system by physical model test were analyzed.The results show that the effect of landslide-induced wave on the bow chain is greater than that on the stern chain,the multi-point mooring can reduce the strength requirements of the anchor chain design,the smaller the impact on the ship when it is away from the landslide point.The variation trend of chain tension is consistent with the variation trend of wave attenuation.The research results can provide a new theoretical basis for ship navigation safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir.