清代一个山西商镇的民间灾赈史——以灵石县静升村为例

The History of Folk Disaster Relief in a Commercial Town of Shanxi Province in the Qing Dynasty:Taking Jingsheng Village in Lingshi County as an Example

旱灾及其引发的饥荒是清代静升村遭遇的主要灾害,相应的赈灾主力自清中期起由国家明显向地方下沉。文章梳理了该村从乾隆到光绪时期的灾赈史,重点考察了基层社会的构成、宗族和地方仓储等与村社赈济之间的相互联系,研究发现强大的宗族势力及商业化的公项管理是长久维持静升村赈济传统的重要因素。而救灾主体由宗族向村社的过渡,则充分体现了血缘关系与地缘关系的相互结合及宗族内部士绅对地方社会的权力渗透。

Drought and the famine caused by it were the main disasters in Jingsheng village in the Qing Dynasty,and the main force of disaster relief has changed from the state to the local since the middle of Qing Dynasty.The history of disaster relief in the village was sorted out from Qianlong to Guangxu period,and the interrelation between the community structure,clan and local storage and the village community relief was mainly investigated.The research show that the powerful clans force and the commercialized public item management were the important factors to maintain the relief tradition of Jingsheng village for a long time.The transition of the main body of disaster relief from clan to village community fully reflected the mutual combination of blood relationship and geographical relationship and the power penetration of gentry in clan to local society.