辽宁省自然保护地空间分布格局与重叠现状分析

Analysis on spatial distribution pattern and overlapping status of natural protected area in Liaoning Province of northeastern China

【目的】通过对辽宁省自然保护地重叠现状进行定性与定量的分析,描述辽宁省6类235处自然保护地空间分布情况与重叠现状及特征,由此对辽宁省自然保护地空间分布格局现状进行评价,为辽宁省自然保护地的整合优化提供科学参考与理论依据。【方法】利用最邻近指数分析与核密度分析,评价辽宁省自然保护地空间分布现状,同时提出了自然保护地镶嵌体的概念,通过分析镶嵌体内部的重叠板块占比情况,对辽宁省自然保护地重叠现状进行定性与定量的分析,相较于传统重叠率分析方法,为分析一个区域内多层重叠的情况我们提出了自然保护地多元重叠率计算方法。【结果】(1)辽宁省自然保护地的最邻近比率为0.904,表明辽宁省自然保护地分布属聚集型分布;(2)结合自然保护综合地理区划,辽宁省自然保护地主要形成4个聚集区域;(3)辽宁省自然保护地存在重叠情况的自然保护地数量占自然保护地总数的50.43%,重叠面积占辽宁省自然保护地的8.63%。重叠情况主要发生在自然保护区与自然公园之间,数量共107处,面积达134421.1 hm^(2);(4)辽宁省存在重叠的斑块中两层重叠82处、三层重叠13处、四层重叠1处;(5)辽宁省可划分为36个自然保护地镶嵌体,其中内部重叠率高于50%的保护地镶嵌体有8处,最高为81.34%;低于10%的保护地镶嵌体有6个,最低为1.82%。【结论】将重叠保护地进行整合优化时,镶嵌体重叠率过高代表保护服务功能与划定保护范围过剩,整合时对于这种情况所涉及的保护地建议以合并为主。下一步对于计划新建自然保护地应将现有保护服务力度较低或中等区域进行补充完善,将如辽东半岛阔叶落叶林与湿地区南部的沿海陆域利用起来。在解决重叠与地质遗迹等情况后确保保护等级不下降,保证保护力度与保护效率。

[Objective]In order to provide scientific proposals and theoretical basis for the integration and optimization of protected areas(PAs)in Liaoning Province of northeastern China,we analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and overlapping status of 235 PAs of six categories in Liaoning Province qualitatively and quantitatively.[Method]The nearest neighbor index analysis and kernel density analysis were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the PAs.By calculating the proportion of overlap in each protected area mosaic,the overlap status of PAs in Liaoning Province was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.We also proposed a new method to calculate the overlap rate of multiple layers.[Result](1)The nearest neighbor ratio of PAs in Liaoning Province was 0.904,indicating the aggregation distribution pattern of PAs in Liaoning Province.(2)The PA in Liaoning Province mainly formed four aggregation regions:deciduous broadleaved forest in western Liaoning Province and northern Hebei Province,mixed coniferous and broadleaved forest in Longgang Mountains,grassland and cultivated vegetation in Liaohe Plain,northern part of wetland and deciduous broadleaved forest in Liaodong Peninsula.(3)The PAs with overlap accounted for 50.43%(by amount)and 8.63%(by area)of the total PAs in Liaoning Province.The overlaps mainly occurred between nature reserves and natural parks,with a total area of 134,421 ha occurred in 107 PAs.(4)There were 82,13,and one overlapped patche(s)with two,three and four overlapped layers,respectively in Liaoning Province.(5)Based on the concept of PAM,a total of 36 PAMs were recognized in Liaoning Province,of which eight had an overlap rate more than 50%,maximum of 81.34%;6 less than 10%,minimum of 1.82%.[Conclusion]The high overlap rate of PAMs indicated over evaluation of the area and conservation service function of the PAs.In this case,we suggested that the PA overlaps should be merged,and appropriate reduction of the total area should be permitted during the integration and optimization of the PA system in Liaoning Province.Furthermore,given the low protection effectiveness of some regions worthy of conservation,e.g.,the coastal areas at the southern part of the deciduous broadleaved forest and wetland in Liaodong Peninsula,we suggested new PAs be established or expansion of the existing PAs to ensure the protection intensity and effectiveness of the PA system of Liaoning Province of northeastern China.