聚焦知识、情境与意义:重识科学传播模式

New Understanding of Models of Science Communication focusing on Knowledge,Context and Meaning

科学传播模式具有重要研究价值。尝试厘清模式的特征、关联与共性,有助于理解其丰富内涵,澄清国内学界的部分误解。缺失模式、外行专家模式、公众参与(participant)模式、民主模式以及"河流"类比、"阐述连续体""混合型论坛"等均不同程度地聚焦知识,涉及线性特征的构建、知识黑箱的开启、各类知识的相容。科学传播在情境上具有复杂性,背景、情感等因素均会影响公众对传播内容的反应与理解,情境模式、公众参与(engagement)模式、科学传播的当代定义等均已体现;"概念空间"及文化视角则揭示了科学传播的趋势已从知识的传播转向了意义的建构。天文学传播案例或可为探索融合知识、情境与意义的科学传播模式带来一定的启示。

The models of science communication are of great theoretical and practical importance.Looking for the characteristics,relevance and commonalities among the models will help understand their richness and clarify some domestic misunderstandings.Some models pay most attention to knowledge communication,opening the black-box of knowledge or compatibility of knowledge.Some focus on situational or contextual complexity of science communication which will deeply influence public understanding of science.The recent models reveal the essence of science communication switching from communicating knowledge to constructing meaning.Communicating astronomy with the public will be an instructive case on exploring the model containing knowledge,context and meaning.