马凯化学的形而上学、理论与实践

The Metaphysics,Theories and Practices of Macquer’s Chemistry

皮埃尔-约瑟夫·马凯是18世纪后半叶法国最重要的化学家之一,其化学的形而上学与英国化学多有不同,其亲合法则具有鲜明的演绎特征,在硬瓷、染料等领域的实践深入而持久。马凯化学的理论板块紧密地与实践板块结合在一起,与形而上学板块保持一致而不紧密的联系,其形而上学板块内部却呈现不一致的状况。因此,马凯化学总体上呈现出元素论化学的风格,而马凯是不是牛顿主义者并非一个显著的问题。马凯化学的总体图景也例示了形而上学、化学理论和化学实践三者互动的一种形式。

As one of the major chemists in France in the second half of the 18 th century,Pierre-Joseph Macquer built a different chemical metaphysics compared to the English one,an obviously deductive theory of affinity laws,and had enduring practices in porcelain and dyestuffs studies in depth.His chemical theories were united tightly with his practices,but with his metaphysics consistently yet loosely.His metaphysics was even inconsistent.Macquer’s chemistry belonged to the tradition of"chemistry of elements".Meanwhile,it’s not a prominent problem whether he is a Newtonist.The entire view of Macquer’s chemistry exemplifies one of the stages of the interactions between metaphysics,chemical theory and chemical practice.