位移运动与机械运动等同的历史嬗变与悖谬消解

The Historical Evolution and Paradox Elimination of the Equivalence between Displacement Motion and Mechanical Motion

位移运动即机械运动,机械运动即位移运动,是我国学术界的传统观点。然而,把"猎豹的飞奔、蜗牛的爬行、鸟儿的飞翔、树叶的摇动、江水的流动"这些位移运动说成机械运动,并不是自明的。追溯近代科学革命之初对位移运动的认识及其对亚里士多德的否定,可以得出"力学是关于机械的位移运动的科学"这个合理的、完备的判断。近代科学浓厚的机械论自然观背景与"还原论"思潮,对上述正确观点的极度简化和拓展,是实现"位移运动"与"机械运动"相等同的嬗变的基本原由。当代科学与哲学对运动的分类,需要以"机械-位移运动"替代"机械运动",以消解悖谬。

Displacement movement is mechanical movement,and mechanical movement is displacement movement;this is a traditional view in Chinese academic circles.However,it is not self-evident and without explanation to describe the displacement motion of"cheetah’s galloping,snail’s crawling,bird’s flying,leaf’s shaking and river’s flowing"as mechanical motion.Tracing back to the understanding of displacement movement at the beginning of the modern scientific revolution and its negation of Aristotle,we can draw a reasonable and complete judgment that"mechanics is the science of mechanical displacement movement".The strong background of mechanistic view of nature in modern science and the trend of"reductionism"greatly simplified and expanded the above correct views,which is the basic reason to realize the equal evolution of"displacement movement"and"mechanical movement".The classification of motion in contemporary science and philosophy needs to replace"mechanical motion"with"mechanical displacement motion"to eliminate the paradox.