我国散煤治理现状分析与长效机制构建研究

Current situation analysis and long-term mechanism constructionof scattered coal control in China

散煤治理是大气污染防治的重要举措之一,“十三五”期间,我国散煤治理取得显著成效,工业散煤削减累计超过1亿t,淘汰落后小型燃煤锅炉10万台,重点区域35 t/h以下的燃煤锅炉基本清零;民用散煤治理方面,已在43个城市中进行清洁取暖试点示范,截至2021年4月,试点城市共完成清洁取暖改造面积39.10亿m^(3),改造3526万户。然而在散煤治理过程中仍然面临着散煤返烧、财政补贴难以持续、运维滞后等现实问题和治理难度升级等挑战,基于对“双碳”目标的新机遇和“十四五”时期的经济、能源形势的分析,提出了散煤治理长效机制构建的基本思路、如何处理长期和短期的关系、如何处理整体和局部的关系以及提效降本的具体内容,为“十四五”时期稳步、有序地推进散煤治理工作提供借鉴和参考。

Scattered coal control is one of the important measures to prevent and control air pollution.During the 13th Five-Year Plan period,China's scattered coal control achieved remarkable results,the industrial scattered coal was reduced by more than 100 million tons,100000 backward small coal-fired boilers were eliminated,and the coal-fired boilers below 35 t/h in key areas were basically cleared;in terms of civil scattered coal control,positive progress had been made in the pilot demonstration of clean heating in 43 cities.As of April 2021,the pilot cities had completed the transformation of clean heating,covering an area of 3.91 billion m^(3) and 35.26 million households.However,in the process of scattered coal control,there were still many challenges of practical problems or upgrading control difficulty in scattered coal repeated burning,unsustainable financial subsidies,lagging operation and maintenance.Based on the analysis of the new opportunities of the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality and the economic and energy situation during the 14th Five-Year Plan period,the basic idea of constructing a long-term mechanism for scattered coal control was put forward,and how to deal with the relationship between long-term and short-term and between the overall and local relationship was proposed,as well as the specific content of improving efficiency and reducing cost,which provided references for steadily and orderly promoting the scattered coal control during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.