饮用水中的消毒副产物及其控制策略

Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water and Their Control Strategies:A Review

消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)是在饮用水消毒时由消毒剂与有机或无机前体物反应生成的一类次生污染物,其由于具有致癌、致畸和致突变的三致特性在全球范围内广受关注.聚焦于饮用水中的DBPs,介绍了DBPs的主要分类和研究历程,汇总了多地饮用水中常见DBPs的浓度水平以及全球饮用水水质标准对DBP指标的管控要求.随后系统介绍了饮用水中DBPs的控制策略,包括源头控制、过程控制、末端控制以及协同控制这4大类,并对各类控制方法的优缺点进行了分析.评述了中国的DBPs研究的现有水平和未来趋势,并展望了未来有关DBPs控制方法的研究方向.一方面,在评价某种工艺或技术对DBPs的控制效果时需要考虑DBPs浓度和水质综合毒性的变化,另一方面,建议关注耦合源头、过程和末端控制技术的协同控制方法,兼顾从源头到龙头每个节点,实现对饮用水中各类DBPs的高效控制.

Disinfection by-products(DBPs)are secondary pollutants generated by the reaction of disinfectants with organic or inorganic precursors during drinking water disinfection.DBPs have received considerable global attention due to their carcinogenic,teratogenic,and mutagenic characteristics.Focusing on drinking water,this paper introduces the main classification and research history of DBPs,and then summarizes the concentration levels of common DBPs in drinking water,and DBPs regulatory compliance in global drinking water standards.Further,the control strategies for DBPs in drinking water,including source control,process control,DBPs removal and integrated control are introduced together with the advantages and disadvantages.Finally,a summary and review of the current level and future trends of DBPs research in China are presented with the proposed control strategies.On the one hand,when evaluating the control effect of a process or technology,the DBPs concentration and comprehensive toxicity should be considered;on the other hand,in order to realize the efficient control of DBPs in drinking water,the focus should be on the integrated methods coupling different DBPs control methods.