马克思对黑格尔主奴关系思想中劳动概念的批判与继承

Marx’s Criticism and Inheritance of Hegel’s Concept of Labor in the Thought of Master and Slave Relationship

马克思的《1844年经济学哲学手稿》再次选择回到黑格尔《精神现象学》一书,对其中劳动概念予以全面的批判继承,批判工作的展开锚定于主奴关系思想。这些批判曾产生诸多理论谜团:马克思对奴隶劳动抽象性一面的强调有意忽略了黑格尔劳动概念具体的物质性一面;对黑格尔劳动概念积极性一面的批判是为了突显黑格尔精神哲学背后隐藏的异化形式;1844年手稿刻意忽视了主人-奴隶身份转换的另外一个重要环节——恐惧,恐惧作为一种意识性情绪与真正现实中的各种异化形式相比已不足为患。对相关问题的澄清不是一蹴而就的,不能采取一步到位的方式得出理论批判的全貌,必然要回到黑格尔阐释主奴关系思想的原文本中寻求真相,从而全面评估黑格尔主奴关系思想中劳动概念对马克思的影响,在影响的辩证法与历史性中还原走出黑格尔进而超越黑格尔的马克思的本真面貌。

Marx’s Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy, 1844 went back once again to Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. The critical continuation of the concept of labor was comprehensive. Criticizing the ideology of the work was scheduled to master-slave relationship. The theory of criticism has produced many mysteries: Marx’s emphasis on the abstract aspect of slave labor deliberately ignored Hegel’s concept of labor’s concrete material side;Criticism on the positive side of Hegel’s labor concept was to highlight the form of alienation hidden behind Hegel’s philosophy of spirit. Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy, 1844 deliberately ignored another important part of the master-slave transition––fear, which as a conscious emotion was no longer sufficient to dealing with the alienation of real reality. Clarification of related issues can not happen overnight or be settled at once. The designated position to draw the outline of the theory of criticism is bound to return to Hegel’s interpretation of the master-slave relation thoughts in the original text to seek the truth, to comprehensive assess the Hegel’s concept of labor in the master-slave relation thoughts on Marx, and restore the true face of Marx who went out of Hegel and then surpassed Hegel in the dialectics and history of influence.