现代社会技术与生产力发展的内在统一与矛盾——以哈贝马斯的科学技术论为中心的考察

The Inherent Unity and Contradiction between the Development of Technology and Productive Forces in Modern Society——An Investigation Centered on Habermas’ Theory of Science and Technology

马克思认为,科学技术的发展构成现代社会生产力的主导性。哈贝马斯认为,在晚期资本主义社会,科学技术表现出了两方面的职能——生产力属性与技术统治的属性。技术理性深入人心,它以对人类认识能力的提升和国家推动为动力不断实现飞跃;同时,工具技术活动又以一种新的伪装自我的形式即价值观的形态占据人们的社会生活乃至精神世界。哈贝马斯认为,由于技术统治的原因,生产力已经丧失在现代社会对人解放的能力。他试图通过交往和学习实现个人之间的理想生活状态以及社会进步的动力机制,但是由于忽视了社会关系的要求,他的思想具有一定的乌托邦的倾向。

Marx believes that the development of science and technology constitutes the dominance of the productive forces of modern society.Habermas believes that in the late capitalist society, science and technology exhibited two functions——the attribute of productivity and the attribute of technological domination. Technological rationality is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. It is driven by the promotion of human cognitive ability and the promotion of the country. At the same time, tool technology activities occupy people’s social life and even the spiritual world in a new form of disguising, that is, the form of values. Habermas believes that due to technological rule, productivity has lost its ability to liberate people in modern society. He tries to realize the ideal life state between individuals and the dynamic mechanism of social progress through communication and learning, but because he ignores the requirements of social relations, his thinking has a certain utopian tendency.