甜樱桃新矮化砧木“吉塞拉12号”组培快繁技术研究

Rapid Micropropagation on New Dwarf Rootstock Gisela 12 of Prunus avium

“吉塞拉12号”是从美国引进的甜樱桃优良矮化砧木,主根发达,固地性强,结果盛期无早衰现象,因其压条、扦插繁殖困难,生产中该砧木资源严重不足。本研究以“吉塞拉12号”顶芽为外植体,通过系统试验,建立了其组培快繁技术体系。结果表明,0.1%HgCl_(2)处理12 min可将外植体污染率控制在4%以内,死亡率控制在3%以内,MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L的培养基适合顶芽萌发;MS+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+IBA 0.3 mg/L为最佳增殖培养基,增殖率高达97.06%,增殖系数为6.58;1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L为最佳生根培养基,生根率为60.83%;“吉塞拉12号”试管苗移栽对栽培基质要求不严,普通育苗轻基质在保持湿度和良好的透气条件下,移栽成活率可达95%以上。研究结果对开展“吉塞拉12号”及相关树种工厂化育苗具有重要的应用价值,同时可为同类树种的基因工程改良奠定基础。

Gisela 12 is a new dwarf rootstock of sweet cherry introduced from America.It has strong main root which can grow in the depths of the soil with no premature aging phenomenon in full bloom.The rootstock resourses of this species are serious lacking in production due to hard layering and cutting propagations.In this study,tissue culture and rapid propagation system of Gisela 12 was established using apical buds as explants.The results indicated that,contamination and survival rates of explants could be controlled less than 4%and 3%via sterilizing in 0.1%HgCl_(2) for 12 min,respectively.MS medium attached 0.5mg/L 6-BA and 0.3 mg/L IBA were appropriate for apical buds germination.MS medium added 0.8 mg/L 6-BA and 0.3 mg/L IBA was an optium multiplicative medium in which proliferative ratios and coefficients reached 97.06%and 6.58,respectively.1/2 MS medium applied 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/LNAA was selected medium in which rooting rate accomplished 60.83%.The plantlet growth had no requirement for substrate,as long as keep humidity and favourable soil permeability,the survival ratio achieved more than 95%in normal light substrate.The research results had an important application value in industrializing propagation of Gisela 12 and other related tree species,also could lay solid foundation for genetic engineering improvement on similar species of sweet cherry.