科恩的“马克思自我所有问题”论断及评析

Critique of Cohen’s “Marx’s Problem of Self-Ownership”

G.A.科恩认为,马克思肯定了作为自由意志主义基础的自我所有原则,这使得马克思主义者无法有效地批判资本主义的不正义以及从道德上为社会主义的平等原则辩护。科恩对于马克思思想的论断是错误的。马克思对自我所有原则的态度是基于唯物史观的一种辩证的肯定与否定。科恩的错误在于其拒斥辩证法,过于信奉分析哲学的方法,以及对资本主义剥削概念的分配正义式理解。

G.A. Cohen believes that Marx affirmed the self-ownership principle as the foundation of libertarianism, which prevented Marxists from effectively criticizing the injustice of capitalism and making a moral defense for the socialist principle of equality. This paper argues that Cohen’s assertion of Marx’s thought is wrong, because Marx’s affirmation of the principle of self-ownership is a historical value affirmation based on historical materialism, rather than an eternal value affirmation, and that the tactics used by Marxism in response to Cohen’s assertion can withstand Cohen’s refutation. Cohen’s mistake lies in his rejection of dialectics, his overbelief in analytical philosophy and his distributive justice understanding of capitalist exploitation.