民用轻小型无人机跌落测试试验及损伤特性研究

Drop test and damage characteristics of civil light and small UAVs

为初步探索民用轻小型无人机跌落撞击损伤特性,开展了两种民用轻小型无人机跌落撞击测试试验,研究了民用轻小型无人机在一定高度跌落时的撞击载荷、变形模式等无人机跌落损伤特性,对比分析了不同类型无人机结构差异性带来的跌落损伤和载荷差异性。研究结果表明:无人机采用一体式铝合金起落架能够在跌落的过程中通过有效的起落架屈曲变形来达到吸能降载的效果,而嵌入式起落架吸能效果相对较差;当多旋翼无人机以垂直姿态跌落时,损伤主要集中在起落架、机臂以及机身底部上,特别是机臂在跌落过程中有在根部折断的风险,无人机机臂根部连接强度可进行适当优化和加强;外部卡扣式电池相比于内嵌式电池在受强载荷冲击时会更容易飞离机体,可能发生二次撞击,内嵌式电池相比于外部卡扣式电池安全性更高。

In order to explore the drop damage characteristics of civil light and small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),drop tests on two types of civil light and small UAVs were carried out to study the impact load,and the deformation modes during the falling from a certain height.The fall damage and load diversity caused by the structural differences of different types of UAVs were compared and analyzed.The results show that the effective landing gear buckling and deformation is able to achieve the effects of energy absorption and load reduction when the UAV adopts an integrated aluminum alloy landing gear,while the energy absorption effect of the embedded landing gear is relatively poor.When the multi-rotor UAVs fall in a vertical upright attitude,the damage is mainly concentrated on the landing gear,the arm and the bottom of the fuselage.In particular,the arm is at the risk of breaking at the root during the fall.The root structure of the UAVs arm should be appropriately optimized and strengthened.Compared with the built-in battery,the external snap-on battery may fly away from the body when subjected to an impact,and induce a secondary impact.The built-in batteries are safer than the external snap-on batteries.