粮食安全视域下农业水价改革空间研究

Research on Agricultural Water Price Reform Space from the Perspective of Food Security

为实现农业水资源节约与保障粮食安全双重目标,提供农业水价改革优化策略。基于2020年河北省4个小麦典型产区农户调研数据,利用标准彭曼公式测算小麦正常生长节水空间,进而基于农业灌溉用水需求价格弹性计算恰好满足小麦正常生长需水量的农业水价,在粮食安全视域下探讨农业水价调整空间。研究结果表明:针对小麦生产,当前农业水价可逐步上涨至0.546元/m3,不同地区由于资源禀赋的差异使得水价上涨空间存在差异;单位面积小麦种植成本和节水技术应用成本与农业灌溉用水量呈现显著正相关关系。建议农业水价定价要因地制宜,充分考虑地区环境差异、作物种类差异、资源禀赋差异等因素;农业水价适度提升的同时,通过实施节水奖励与用水补贴兼顾保障农民收益与粮食生产的双重作用。

In order to achieve the dual goals of saving agricultural water resources and guaranteeing food security,this study provided an optimized strategy for agricultural water price reform.Based on the survey data of farmers in four typical wheat producing areas in Hebei Province in 2020,the standard Penman formula was used to calculate the water-saving space for normal growth of wheat,and then the agricultural water price that just meets the water requirement for normal growth of wheat was calculated based on the price elasticity of agricultural irrigation water demand,and the adjustment space of agricultural water price was discussed from the perspective of food security.The results show that for wheat production,the current agricultural water price can gradually increase to 0.546 yuan/m3,and the space of water price increase is different in different regions due to the difference of resource endowment.Wheat planting cost per unit area and application cost of water-saving technology are significantly positively correlated with agricultural irrigation water consumption.It is suggested that the pricing of agricultural water should be based on local conditions,and factors such as regional environmental differences,crop species differences and resource endowment differences should be fully considered.When the agricultural water price is moderately raised,the policies of water-saving incentive and water subsidy should be implemented to guarantee farmers′income and grain production.