郭象“性分”思想的三重解读

Guo Xiang’s Triple Interpretation on“Human Nature Limits”

“性”的观点是郭象全部哲学建构的源泉。在郭象的思想里,“性”义主要有三:一是“性本自然”,万物之性皆是自然所致;二是“性”之依据在于“自生”;三是“性各有分”,事物的本性具有分限和边界,由此建立了“性”的本体论地位。基于对个体价值的肯定,郭象对人性的“性分”作了深入的思考,提出“自为”的观点并采用“安”“守”“当”等方式展现“性分”的行为之方,成为其“性分”思想的实现论。进一步地,通过“性分”实践论运作的设计,郭象一方面主张社会治理者采取遵循个体“性分”本性特点的无为治理模式;另一方面通过圣人理想人格的划定,使“性分”思想实现了从现实到理想的升华。

Guo Xiang’s entire philosophical system is derived from the perspective of“human nature”.In Guo Xiang’s thinking,there are three main meanings of Human nature:First,human nature is the nature of nature;the nature of all things is caused by nature;Second,the basis of“Human nature”is“self-born”;Third,human nature has limits and boundaries,and this establishes the ontological status of“Human nature”.Based on the affirmation of the individual values,Guo Xiang made an in-depth reflection on the“limits of human nature”and brings forward the“doing by himself”viewpoint and adopts ways such as“be satisfied”“keeping”“taking on”to show“human nature limits”.Further,through the design of“human nature limits”practice,on the one hand Guo Xiang advocates that social administrators should adopt an ideal model of“inaction”to rule the world that follows the individual“human nature limits”;on the other hand,he turns“human nature limits”from reality to ideal through delineating the ideal personality of saints.