大学资本投入对一流大学建设影响的差异性研究

Research about the Influence of University Capital Investment on the Construction of World-class University

基于教育部、中国科学院及工业和信息化部所属高校的基本情况数据,遴选出包括人力投入(学生)、人力投入(教师)、实物投入、经费收入、经费支出、其他投入共计6类的194个大学资本投入指标。利用基于相关性分析的特征选择方法、基于主成分分析的特征提取方法以及支持向量机、决策树、人工神经网络等数据挖掘模型,将上述指标按照对建设成效的影响大小进行筛选、排序。研究发现:经费投入总量与科研支出对于建设一流大学的重要性较高;学术交流投入反映出一流大学的使命以及其能力建设的需要;人力投入的重点是师资队伍、生源与在校生的组成结构和水平。从所获得的大学资本投入核心指标,反映社会对大学提出的要求主要体现在建设效益、科研能力、服务建设发展等方面,大学在建设中需要明确切合实际的建设路径、提升人才培养质量与创新能力、构建布局合理的教育环境。

Based on the data of several domestic universities,194 university capital input indexes are selected,including six categories:human input(students),human input(teachers),physical input,fund income,fund expenditure and other inputs.Through feature selection and feature extraction,with the help of three different data mining models,the paper gradually analyzes and sorts the impact of the above university capital investment indicators on the construction effect of the world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.It is found that the total amount of funding and research expenditure are of great importance to the construction of first-class universities;the input of academic exchange reflects the mission of first-class universities and the needs of their capacity-building;the focus of human resources input is the structure and level of teachers and students.The core indicators of university capital investment reflect the social demands for universities in terms of highlighting construction benefits,improving scientific research capacity,and serving construction and development.It also puts forward some work enlightenment,such as making clear the practical construction path,improving the quality of personnel training and innovation ability,and constructing a reasonable educational environment.