高分子材料在3D打印生物骨骼及支架中的应用与价值

Application and value of polymer materials in three-dimensional printing biological bones and scaffolds

背景:目前制约3D技术发展的主要因素是可打印材料的种类有限,高分子材料因其优异的理化特性及种类的多样性在3D打印生物骨骼及支架领域得到了长足发展。目的:综述高分子材料在生物领域的应用现状和3D打印技术的优缺点。方法:检索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库及PubMed数据库收录的相关文献,检索时间设置为2000-2020年。中文检索词为"3D打印、熔融沉积成型、光固化成型技术、选择性激光烧结技术、天然高分子、合成高分子、生物医用、人工骨骼、人工骨支架",英文检索"3D printing;FDM;SLA;SLS;natural polymer;synthetic polymer;biomedical;artificial bone;artificial bone scaffold",最终选择了56篇文献进行归纳与总结。结果与结论:高分子材料因其种类繁多、理化性能优异、尺寸精度高、可加工性好等特点在生物领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,将高分子材料与金属、无机等材料进行复合可以提高其生物相容性、控制其降解性等,这更加拓展了高分子材料在生物领域的应用空间。3D打印技术主要是将信息技术与制造技术结合来实现三维实体打印成型,具有快速精准、个性化定制的特点,被广泛应用于生物医疗、铸造、航空航天等领域。将高分子材料与3D打印技术结合起来可以实现人体骨骼、器官、组织的个性化定制,有望解决临床上供体不足的难题,因此研发更加适合3D打印成型工艺的生物医用材料,以及如何将高分子材料与3D打印技术更好地结合成为目前的研究热点。

BACKGROUND: At present, the main factors restricting the development of three-dimensional(3 D) technology are the limited types of printable materials, and polymer materials have made great progress in the field of 3 D printing biological bones and scaffolds due to their excellent physical and chemical properties and variety.OBJECTIVE: To review application status of polymer materials in the biological field and the advantages and disadvantages of 3 D printing technology.METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed databases were searched for articles published from 2000 to 2020. The Chinese key words were "3 D printing, fused deposition molding, UV curing molding technology, selective laser sintering technology, natural polymer, synthetic polymer, biomedical, artificial bone, artificial bone scaffold". The English key words were "3 D printing;FDM;SLA;SLS;natural polymer;synthetic polymer;biomedical;artificial bone;artificial bone scaffold". Finally, 56 articles were selected to summarize.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polymer materials play a more and more important role in the biological field because of their wide variety, excellent physical and chemical properties, high dimensional accuracy, good processability and other characteristics. Not only that, the composite of polymer materials with metal and inorganic can improve their biocompatibility, controllable degradation and other characteristics, which further expands the application space of polymer materials in the biological field. 3 D printing technology is mainly through the combination of information technology and manufacturing technology to achieve 3 D solid printing, which is with the characteristics of rapid, accurate, personalized customization. 3 D printing is widely used in biomedical, casting, aerospace and other fields. The combination of polymer materials and 3 D printing technology can realize the personalized customization of human bones, organs and tissues, which is expected to solve the problem of insufficient donors in clinic. Therefore, the research and development of biomedical materials more suitable for 3 D printing process and how to better combine polymer materials with 3 D printing technology become the current research hotspot.