基于透明质酸的复合水凝胶修复骨关节炎软骨损伤:应用与机制

Hyaluronic acid-based composite hydrogel in cartilage injury caused by osteoarthritis: application and mechanism

背景:透明质酸是一种天然多糖,也是人体中常见的一种糖胺聚糖,在眼睛和关节中的浓度最高,因其生物相容性、可降解性和低免疫原性而被制成水凝胶广泛应用于组织工程中。目的:介绍各类透明质酸复合水凝胶的特点以及在骨关节炎软骨损伤修复中的应用。方法:以"透明质酸,水凝胶,软骨修复,骨关节炎"为中文关键词检索CNKI、万方等数据库,以"hyaluronic acid;hydrogel;Cartilage repair;osteoarthritis"为英文关键词检索PubMed、Web of science等数据库,检索1995年1月至2020年7月发表的文献,筛选后进一步分析总结。结果与结论:透明质酸水凝胶优异的生物性能使其在骨关节炎软骨修复中得到了广泛研究,尤其是通过联合生物因子、天然材料、合成材料、3D打印技术、多肽、机械刺激等改善了透明质酸水凝胶的性能,推进了其在软骨组织工程中的应用。在未来随着化学、材料、物理、生物等多学科的综合发展,更加深入地了解透明质酸水凝胶降解的机制及探索骨关节炎的软骨损伤机制,有望设计出可以高效、无任何不良反应、更加适用软骨组织工程的透明质酸复合水凝胶。

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid is a natural polysaccharide and a common glycosaminoglycan in human body. It has the highest concentration in eyes and joints. It is made into hydrogels because of its biocompatibility, degradability, and low immunogenicity, and is widely used in tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the characteristics of various hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels and their application in the repair of cartilage damage caused by osteoarthritis.METHODS: CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched with the key words of "hyaluronic acid, hydrogel, cartilage repair, osteoarthritis" in Chinese. Pub Med and Web of Science databases were searched with the key words of "hyaluronic acid, hydrogel, cartilage repair, osteoarthritis" in English. The articles published from January 1995 to July 2020 were searched and further analyzed and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The excellent biological properties of hyaluronic acid hydrogel have made it widely studied in the cartilage repair of osteoarthritis, especially through the combination of biological factors, natural materials, synthetic materials, 3 D printing technology, polypeptides, mechanical stimulation, etc., which improved the performance of hyaluronic acid hydrogel and promoted its application in cartilage tissue engineering. Although hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels have been studied more, with the comprehensive development of chemistry, materials, physics, biology and other disciplines in the future, a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanism of hyaluronic acid hydrogels and an exploration of the cartilage damage mechanism in osteoarthritis, the hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel is expected to be designed with high efficiency, no side effects and more suitable for cartilage tissue engineering.