BIM在水利工程中应用的影响因素研究

Influencing factors for application of BIM in hydraulic engineering

为促进BIM在水利工程中的应用和发展,提高BIM的应用效率并促进全生命周期的应用,需要找出BIM在水利工程中应用的影响因素并分析其内在联系。在文献整理和分析的基础上,总结归纳19项影响BIM在我国水利工程领域应用的主要因素;运用ISM方法,研究并构建了影响因素关系的多级递阶结构模型,找出直接因素、根本因素,对因素之间的层次关系进行分析;运用MICMAC方法,确定影响因素的驱动力和依赖性,据此对各因素进行分类。研究表明:BIM认识、BIM专家人才数量、行业统一标准和指南、行业主管部门支持力度、法律责任界限、BIM标准合同示范文本、BIM模型知识产权等具有较高的驱动力,它们是影响BIM应用的根本因素;BIM软件兼容性、软硬件配置及升级费用、培训员工费用和时间、BIM所带来的收益等具有较高的依赖性和较低的驱动力,它们是影响BIM应用的直接因素。

In order to promote its application and development in hydraulic engineering industry,to improve its application efficiency and to promote the application of its whole life cycle,it is necessary to analyze the factors that affect the application of BIM in hydraulic engineering and analyze their internal relationship.Firstly,19 major factors that affect the application of BIM in the field of hydraulic engineering in China are selected on the basis of literature review and analysis.Secondly,a multi-level hierarchical model for the relationship among the influencing factors is established using ISM method.The direct and basic factors are found out,and the hierarchical relationship among them is analyzed.Finally,the MICMAC method is further adopted to determine the driving forces and dependence of the influencing factors so as to classify the various factors.The research shows that the understanding of BIM,the number of BIM experts,the unified standards and guidelines of the industry,the support of the competent authorities of the industry,the limit of legal responsibility,the BIM standard contract demonstration text,and the intellectual property of BIM model have higher driving forces,which are the fundamental factors to affect the application of BIM.The compatibility of BIM software,the configuration and upgrade costs of hardware and software,the costs and time of staff training,and the benefits brought by BIM technology have higher dependence and lower driving forces,which are the direct factors to affect the application of BIM.