污水资源化管理的市场驱动路径研究

Market-driving path of sewage recycling management

为了研究推动污水资源化、提高污水资源化水平、创新污水资源化管理体制,提出污水资源化管理的市场驱动路径。主要研究方法是基于成本核算分析,在对现状进行归纳分析的基础上,分析再生水使用量较大的城市污水资源化的外部效益,首要考虑的是生态的补水效益、环境效益等,直接经济效益并不是考虑重点,污水资源化处理的费用绝大多数由市政负担。在对污水资源化过程中,经过成本核算,认为财力雄厚的一线和准一线城市能够负担,而广大城市难以自行负担污水资源化的费用,对于引入社会资本降低地方财政负担和工业企业负担以及推动水治理体系现代化是形成污水资源化利用长效机制的关键所在。提出政府确定产权和收益;构建再生水资产的交易机制;制定全国再生水利用目标;加强再生水利用基础设施规划与建设;合理设置再生水作为非常规水源统一配置体系的边界以及协调再生水利用与最严格水资源管理制度的衔接问题的政策建议。

In order to promote the sewage recycling,to improve its level and to innovate its management system,the market-driving path for the sewage recycling management is put forward.The main research method is based on the analysis of cost accounting.By summarizing and analyzing the current situation,the external benefits of sewage recycling for the cities with large use amount of reclaimed water are analyzed.The ecological water supplement benefits and environmental benefits are the primary consideration.The direct economic benefits are not the key point to be considered,and most of the costs in the process of sewage recycling treatment is borne by the municipal government.In the process of sewage recycling,through the cost accounting,it is considered that the first-tier and quasi-first-tier cities with strong financial resources can bear the costs of sewage recycling,but most other cities cannot bear them by themselves.The key to form the long-term mechanism of sewage recycling is the asset management of reclaimed water by introducing the social capital to reduce the burden of local finance and industrial enterprises and to promote the modernization of water treatment system.Some policy suggestions are proposed as follows:the government should determine the property rights and benefits;the transaction mechanism of reclaimed water assets should be established;the national goal of reclaimed water utilization should be formulated;the planning and construction of reclaimed water infrastructures should be strengthened;the reclaimed water should be reasonably set as the boundary of the unified allocation system of the unconventional water sources,and the connection between the reclaimed water utilization and the strictest water resources management system should be coordinated.