植物精油对肉仔兔生长性能、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

Effects of plant essential oils on growth performance,immune organ,indexes serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant activity of meat rabbits

为了研究植物精油对肉仔兔的生长性能、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响,试验将270只35日龄健康肉仔兔随机分成分为对照组(饲喂基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮中添加恩拉霉素15 mg/kg)、试验Ⅰ组(基础日粮中添加植物精油1100 mg/kg)、试验Ⅱ组(基础日粮中添加50%植物精油2+50%植物精油3300 mg/kg)和试验Ⅲ组(基础日粮中添加50%植物精油1+50%植物精油3500 mg/kg),每组设6个重复,每个重复9只,预试期7 d,正试期30 d。试验结束时测定肉兔的日增重和采食量、胸腺和脾脏指数、血清生化指标、抗氧化性能。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量高于对照组和抗生素组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组腹泻率与料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶活性以试验Ⅱ组最高,试验Ⅰ组最低,且都与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组血清中白蛋白含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各试验组血清中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均高于对照组和抗生素组,并且试验Ⅲ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。说明不同成分植物精油能够提高断奶肉仔兔的日增重、料重比,改善部分血清生化指标和抗氧化性能,且以试验Ⅱ组的精油组成及添加量效果最佳。

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of plant essential oils on growth performance, immune organ, serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant activity of meat rabbits. A total of 270 rabbits(35 days old, health, weaning, similar weight) were randomly divided into five groups, each group have six repeat, nine rabbits in each repeat, respectively. The five groups were control group, antibiotic group, experimental group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ. Rabbits in control group were fed basic diet, in antibiotic group were fed 15 mg enramycin per kilogram of basic diet, in experimental group Ⅰ were fed 100 mg plant essential oils per kilogram of basic diet, in experimental group Ⅱ were fed 300 mg plant essential oils per kilogram of basic diet, in experimental group Ⅲ were fed 500 mg plant essential oils per kilogram of basic diet. The preliminary experiment was 7 days and the formal experiment lasted for 30 days. Daily weight gain, feed intake, thymus and spleen indexes, serum biochemical indexes, antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content were determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the average daily feed intake of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was higher than that of control group and antibiotic group, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). The average daily gain of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05). The ratio of feed to gain and diarrhea rate in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase activity in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in antibiotic group(P<0.05), the alkaline phosphatase in group Ⅱwas the highest, the alkaline phosphatase in groupⅠwas the lowest, compared to the control group, there were significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). The serum albumin content in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in antibiotic group(P<0.05). The urea nitrogen content in the group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). The serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in experimental groups was higher than that in control group and antibiotic group, and the serum GSH-Px activity in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05). It indicated that plant essential oils from different sources could improve daily gain, feed gain, and some serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant properties of weaned rabbits, and the composition and supplemental amount of essential oils in group Ⅱ had the best effect under the experimental conditions.