中国牛肉出口国际竞争力及影响因素探析——以澳大利亚和新西兰的经验为鉴

Analysis on the International Competitiveness of Beef Exportin China and Its Influencing Factors—Learning from the Experiences of Australia and New Zealand

【目的/意义】中国既是牛肉生产大国,又是牛肉进口大国,这使得牛肉出口国际竞争力成为中国肉牛产业的研究热点之一。澳大利亚、新西兰是肉牛产业强国,比较中国、澳大利亚、新西兰的牛肉出口国际竞争力,研究各因素如何影响中国的牛肉出口国际竞争力,有助于提高中国牛肉出口国际竞争力。【方法/过程】描述中国与澳大利亚、新西兰牛肉国际贸易状况,运用国际市场占有率(IMS)、贸易竞争力指数(TC)以及显示性比较优势指数(RCA)测算及对比3国牛肉的国际竞争力水平,运用多元回归模型分析牛肉出口国际竞争力的影响因素。【结果/结论】中国牛肉出口国际竞争力不强。影响牛肉出口国际竞争力的主要因素包括一国的人均收入水平、贸易开放度以及人口增长率。借鉴澳大利亚、新西兰经验,中国应改良品种,强化肉牛质量安全监管,政府出台政策扶持,注重人才培养和职业培训,构建具有中国特色的肉牛养殖模式。

【Objective/Meaning】China is not only a big beef producer but also a big beef importer,which makes the international competitiveness of beef export become one of the research hotspots in China’s beef cattle industry.Australia and New Zealand are powerful countries in the beef cattle industry.Comparing the international competitiveness of beef export in China,Australia and New Zealand,and studying how various factors affected the international competitiveness of beef export in China,would have certain theoretical and practical significance to improve the international competitiveness of beef export in China.【Methods/Procedures】The international trade status of beefamong China,Australia and New Zealand was described,and thenthe international market share(IMS),trade competitiveness index(TC),and revealed comparative advantage index(RCA)were used to measure and compare the international competitiveness of beef among the three countries.Last,the factors that affected the international competitiveness of beef exportwere analyzed by using the multiple regression model.【Results/Conclusions】The international competitiveness of Chinese beef export is not strong.The main factors affecting the international competitiveness of beef export included theper capita income level of one country,trade openness and the growth rate of population.By learning from the experiences of Australia and New Zealand,China should improve the breeds,strengthen the quality safety supervision of beef cattle,providing thegovernmental policy supports,paying attention to thetalent cultivationand vocational training,and constructingthe breeding mode of beef cattle with Chinese characteristics.