高空抛物罪规定的溯及力问题研究

On the Retroactivity for the Crime of High-rise Littering

《刑法修正案(十一)》规定了高空抛物罪,该罪的溯及力问题值得引起重视。在《刑法修正案(十一)》颁行之后,就高空抛物行为所触犯的罪名而言,基础罪名是高空抛物罪。同时,该行为还可能触犯以危险方法危害公共安全罪,过失以危险方法危害公共安全罪,重大责任事故罪,强令、组织他人违章冒险作业罪,故意伤害罪,故意杀人罪,过失致人重伤罪,过失致人死亡罪,侮辱罪,强制侮辱罪,故意毁坏财物罪,破坏生产经营罪和寻衅滋事罪。在高空抛物罪与其他罪名发生竞合的情况下,应当以其他犯罪论处,而不存在以高空抛物罪论处的可能性。依据1997年《刑法》所规定的从旧兼从轻的刑法溯及力原则,对于《刑法修正案(十一)》颁行之前所发生的、颁行之后尚未作出生效裁判的高空抛物行为,均应当适用《刑法修正案(十一)》颁行之前1997年《刑法》的规定加以评判。这就意味着《刑法修正案(十一)》中关于高空抛物罪的规定是没有溯及力的。“高空抛物第一案”的司法认定存在着对高空抛物罪规定溯及力的误用问题。

The Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law stipulates the crime of deliberately high-rise littering,and the retroactive force of the law deserves attention.After the enforcement of the Amendment,the initial charges against high-rise littering are with the above crime.Meanwhile,it may also be charged with the crime of endangering public security by dangerous way,the crime of negligently endangering public security by dangerous means,the crime of major accident,the crime of forcing or organizing others to do dangerous work,the crime of intentional injury,the crime of intentional homicide,the crime of negligently causing serious injury,the crime of negligently causing death,the crime of insulting,the crime of compulsory insulting,the crime of vandalism,the crime of sabotaging production and the crime of causing disturbances.In the case of concurrence between the crime of high-rise littering and other crimes,it is always charged with the latter,without any possibility of being charged with high-rise littering.According to the former and mercy principle by 1997 Criminal Law,the retroactivity of the Amendment is not effective in court for the cases happened before,or the cases not convicted before its enforcement,that is,the provision of high-rise littering in the Amendment is less retroactive.Therefore,the verdict of first high-rise littering case may violate the retroactivity of the law.