多车型冷链物流配送路径规划研究

Multi-type Vehicle Cold Chain Logistics Distribution Path Planning

针对冷链物流配送网络中常有多种车型的车辆但未通过合理分配并规划路线来提高效率降低成本的问题,从配送方成本和客户方满意度两方面进行分析,在满足客户满意度最低限度的前提下以配送方整体成本最小为目标建立单车型和多车型数学模型,设计具有针对性的遗传算法,对比分析配送过程中使用单车型或多车型的成本差异。结果显示:多车型混合配送相较于单车型配送总成本更低,车辆平均装载率更高;在冷链配送过程中,为了追求规模经济而多使用大型车是不科学的,须科学分配各车型数量才能使总成本达到最低,揭示了冷链物流的特殊性。

In view of the problem that there are many types of vehicle in the cold chain logistics distribution network,but there is no reasonable allocation of different types of vehicles and route planning to improve efficiency and reduce costs,the cost of the distributor and customer satisfaction are analyzed.Under the premise of meeting the minimum customer satisfaction,the mathematical models of single-type and multi-type vehicle are established with the minimum overall cost of the distributor as the goal.The targeted genetic algorithm is designed to compare and analyze the cost differences of single-type or multi-type vehicle in the distribution process.The result shows that the total cost of multi-type vehicle hybrid distribution is lower and the average loading rate of vehicles is higher than that of single-type vehicle.In the process of cold chain distribution,it is unscientific to blindly use large vehicles in order to pursue economies of scale.It is necessary to scientifically allocate the number of vehicles to minimize the total cost,revealing the particularity of cold chain logistics.