国家公园理念下区域生态旅游资源评价——以青海湖与祁连山毗邻区域为例

Evaluation of regional ecotourism resources under the concept of National Park:Taking the adjacent area between the Qinghai Lake and the Qilian Mountains as an example

青海湖与祁连山毗邻区域生态旅游资源保护与保护性利用,已成为青海省以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系示范省建设的重要组成部分。选取青海湖与祁连山毗邻区域为研究对象,在实际调查的基础上,依据国家公园理念下的资源特性,采用ArcGIS空间叠加分析、德尔菲法、AHP(Analytic hierarchy process)层次分析法,对区域内生态旅游资源进行梳理与分类评价。经评价定级,区域内生态旅游资源级别分为5级,游憩资源单体特品级即五级1处;优良级30处,其中四级8处、三级22处;普通级48处,其中二级32处、一级16处。研究表明:在国家公园理念下,生态旅游资源评价指标体系要素层权重前三名依次是旅游功能和价值、人文特色、生态环境,评价层选取了国家公园资源属性的因子。可以看出,国家公园首要功能原真性和完整性指标因子是评价指标因子选取的关键点。旨在为拟建青海湖国家公园功能区划定提供数据支撑,为国土空间禁止开发区域的生态旅游资源评价提供方法,其研究视角和路径对国家公园理念下游憩资源深度保护和利用具有借鉴作用。

The preservation and protective use of ecotourism resources in the adjacent area between the Qinghai Lake and Qilian Mountains has become a critical part of the construction of a demonstration province in Qinghai,China, where the National Park is acknowledged as the main body to establish a nature reserve system. In this paper, the area adjacent between the Qinghai Lake and Qilian Mountains is selected as the research object, and ArcGIS spatial overlay analysis, Delphi method, AHP method, and other methods are employed to sort and categorize the regional ecotourism resources based on the actual investigation following the resource characteristics under the concept of National Park. The ecotourism resources in the region are divided into five levels after evaluation and grading, and there is one special grade, i.e., grade 5 of recreational resources. There are 30 excellent recreational resource monomers(eight at level Ⅳ and 22 at level Ⅲ) and 48 ordinary recreational resources units(32 at level Ⅱ and 16 at level Ⅰ). Research reveals that under the concept of National Park, tourism function and value, humanistic traits, and ecological environment are the top three elements of the evaluation index system of ecotourism resources. The factors of National Park resource properties are selected for the evaluation layer. The authenticity and integrity index factors, which are the primary function of National Park, are the key for the selection of evaluation index factors. The research findings are intended to provide data support for the delineation of the functional area of the proposed Qinghai Lake National Park and propose methods for the assessment of ecotourism resources in the prohibited areas of land and space. The research perspective and path can be employed as a reference for the in-depth protection and utilization of recreational resources under the concept of National Park.