基于Hertz接触理论的黑水虻幼虫碰撞恢复系数测定

Measurement and Analysis of Restitution Coefficient of Black Soldier Fly Larvae in Collision Models Based on Hertz Contact Theory

为建立黑水虻幼虫与收集、输送、分离等机械工作部件间发生碰撞时的碰撞模型,基于黑水虻幼虫生物特性,应用Hertz弹性碰撞理论推导了黑水虻幼虫碰撞过程动力学方程,结合运动学方程原理构建了黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的测定装置并进行了黑水虻幼虫恢复系数测定试验。试验针对第5龄期的黑水虻幼虫,采用L_(16)(4^(4)×2^(3))混合正交试验方案研究了碰撞材料、材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向、含水率等因素对黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的影响,然后对碰撞材料、材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向进行单因素试验,并获得了材料厚度、下落高度、碰撞角对恢复系数的影响规律与回归方程,且方程的决定系数均不小于0.9427。试验结果表明,影响黑水虻幼虫恢复系数的因素影响由大到小为:碰撞材料、下落高度、碰撞角、跌落方向、碰撞材料厚度、含水率,其中含水率对恢复系数影响不显著。单因素试验结果可得:黑水虻幼虫与Q235钢、铝合金、有机玻璃、橡胶等碰撞材料间的恢复系数依次降低,随下落高度的增大而逐渐减小,随材料厚度的增加而逐渐增大,恢复系数随碰撞角的增大而整体呈增大趋势,且横向跌落方向大于纵向跌落方向。该文研究结果可为黑水虻幼虫收集、输送、分离等机械相关工作部件优化设计提供参考依据。

In order to build a collision model between black soldier fly larvae and key parts of collecting,transporting or separating equipment,a restitution coefficient measuring device based on biological nature of black soldier fly larvae and kinematics was designed,and the restitution coefficient of black soldier fly larvae was measured and analyzed by experiment.Research on the collision materials,the thickness of collision materials,falling height,collision angle,drop direction and moisture content of black soldier fly larvae’s effect on the restitution coefficient of the‘the fifth age’black soldier fly larvae was conducted by a mixed orthogonal experiment based on the scheme of L_(16)(4^(4)×2^(3)).Then,single factor experiments for factors,including the collision materials,thickness of collision materials,falling height,collision angle,drop direction were carried out and the corresponding regression equations were obtained by analysis.Results of orthogonal experiments showed that the order of significance of restitution coefficient influencing factors was as follows:collision material,falling height,collision angle,drop direction,material thickness and moisture content.The influence of falling height and drop direction were extremely significant(P<0.01),and the influence of material thickness,material thickness and collision angle were significant(P<0.05),and the moisture content was not significant.Single-factor experiments were carried out for the following factors:collision material,material thickness,falling height,collision angle and drop direction.Regression equations were established between restitution coefficient and collision material,material thickness,falling height,collision angle and drop direction,with all the regression coefficients no less than 0.9427.Results of single-factor experiments of collision materials showed that restitution coefficient was decreased in the order as follows:Q235 steel,aluminum alloy,acrylic glass and rubber.From collision experiments of black soldier fly larvae with Q235 steel,restitution coefficient was decreased with the increase of falling height,increased with the increase of steel thicknesses and collision angle,and restitution coefficient was larger when the lateral fall of black soldier fly larvae collided with the steel than the vertical drop.Those results above can be an important reference in the designing and developing of collecting,transporting or separating equipment for black soldier fly larvae.