辽宋西夏金时期族际饮食文化交流略论

A Brief Discussion on Inter-ethnic Food Culture Exchange in the Liao, Song, Xixia and Jin Dynasties

辽宋西夏金时期,中国境内不同经济形态的各民族,在饮食文化相互交流的过程中,明显表现出农耕民族饮食与游牧民族饮食的交融。一方面,农耕民族以谷物食品为主的主食不但在游牧民族的日常生活中占据越来越重要的地位,而且副食、果品、饮品等对游牧民族也产生了广泛的影响。另一方面,作为游牧民族主食的乳肉制品,逐渐成为农耕民族的副食品种,游牧民族副食蔬果类的某些品种、饮食器具,尤其是合餐制的饮食方式对农耕民族也产生了不同程度的影响。同时,相同经济形态的民族,其饮食文化也往往各具特色,并在民族和地区间相互交流。饮食文化在日常生活中的族际交流,不但推动了各民族生活方式的发展和社会经济的进步,而且有力地促进了各民族相互认同意识的发展。

During the period of Liao, Song, Xixia and Jin Dynasties, various ethnic groups of different economic forms in China obviously represented the intermingling of diets of the farming people and the nomads in the process of mutual exchange of food culture.On the one hand, grain food that the farming people mainly relied on played an increasingly important role in the daily life of the nomadic people.In addition, the non-staple food, fruits and drinks all had a wide range of influence on the nomadic people as well.On the other hand, dairy and meat products, which were the staple food of nomads, had gradually become the non-staple food of farming people.Some kinds of non-staple food of nomadic peoples, such as vegetables, fruits and dietary utensils, especially the dietary mode of joint meal system had varying degrees of influence on farming people.Simultaneously, the ethnic groups with the same economic form often had their own characteristics in food culture, and they communicated with each other among ethnic groups and regions.The inter-ethnic exchange of food culture in daily life not only promoted the development of lifestyle of various ethnic groups and the progress of the social economy, but also powerfully contributed to the development of the consciousness of mutual identification among all ethnic groups.