双轴旋耕压槽播种开沟匀覆土作业机设计与试验

Design and experiment research of double-axis rotary tillage machine for sowing,ditching,and covering soil

针对目前小麦播种机械存在的播种质量差、播深稳定性差、复式作业程度低等问题,设计一种双轴旋耕压槽播种开沟匀覆土作业机,分析机具的工作原理,并根据实际作业需要,设计一种传动系统,计算出整机传动效率为0.716。为稳定开出5 cm宽,1~3 cm深的小麦种槽,设计一种特型的开槽轮,保证播种深度,提高播深与播宽稳定性;根据作业幅宽3500 mm以及播种深度1~3 cm,确定绞龙长度与直径的参数,设计一种开沟匀覆土装置,采用左右两段绞龙机构,提高耕幅范围内的土壤平整度,并同样分左右两段绞龙机构,设计一种清土装置。田间对比试验表明样机的准确度为88.67%、离散度为45.45%、均匀度为73.74%,普通播种机的准确度为78.72%、离散度为39.38%、均匀度为44.83%。

Aiming at the problems of poor sowing quality,poor stability of sowing depth,and low degree of compound operation of wheat sowing machine,a double axis rotary tillage and pressing groove sowing,ditching,and even covering soil machine was designed.This paper analyzed the working principle of the machine and,according to the actual operation needs,designed a transmission system and calculated the transmission efficiency of the whole machine,which was 0.716.In order to open 5 cm wide and 1-3 cm deep wheat seed trough stably,a special slotted wheel was designed to ensure the sowing depth and improve the stability of sowing depth and width.According to the working width of 3500 mm and the sowing depth of 1-3 cm,the parameters of the length and diameter of the auger were determined,and a ditching and even covering soil device was designed.The left and right two-stage auger mechanism was used to improve the soil flatness within the range of tillage.A soil cleaning device was also designed with left and right two-stage auger mechanisms.The results showed that the accuracy of the prototype was 88.67%,the dispersion was 45.45%,the uniformity was 73.74%,the accuracy of the ordinary seeder was 78.72%,the dispersion was 39.38%,and the uniformity was 44.83%.