我国竞技体育后备人才培养制度的演进逻辑与展望——基于历史制度主义分析范式

Evolutionary logic and prospect of reserve talents training system for competitive sports in China——Based on the analysis paradigm of historical institutionalism

基于历史制度主义分析范式,回顾新中国成立以来我国竞技体育后备人才培养制度的演进历程,探讨制度嬗变的内在逻辑,提出制度未来演进方向。研究认为:我国竞技体育后备人才培养制度变迁历经初创、巩固、调整、探索和深化5个阶段,经济体制基础、权力管理模式和思想观念环境是制度变迁背后的宏观深层结构,微观行动者供需矛盾的内生驱动与示范效应的外部驱动则是激活制度变迁的动力机制。由于政策制定主体的自我强化、固有利益相关者的阻碍以及较高的制度转换成本,制度存续期与断裂期均呈现出强烈的路径依赖特征。展望未来,我国竞技体育后备人才培养制度在价值取向上应由“工具理性”转向“价值理性”,目标追求上由“效率逻辑”转向“效益逻辑”,培养主体上由“单一主体”转向“多元主体”,保障依托上由“制度引导”转向“法治规范”。

Based on the analytical paradigm of the historical institutionalism,this paper reviews the evolutionary path of reserve talents training system for Chinese competitive sports since the founding of new China,and explores the internal logic of system evolution,and puts forward the future evolutionary direction about the system.The results show that:reserve talent training system for Chinese competitive sports has undergone five stages of initial creation,consolidation,adjustment,exploration and deepening.The economic system foundation,power management mode and ideological environment are the macro deep structure behind the institutional change,while the endogenous driving force of the contradiction between supply and demand of micro actors and the external driving force of demonstration effect is to activate the system.Due to the self strengthening of policy-makers,the obstruction of inherent stakeholders and the high cost of institutional transformation,both the duration and the rupture of the system show a strong path dependence.Looking forward to the future,the value orientation of reserve talents training system for Chinese competitive sports should turn from"instrumental rationality"to"value rationality",the goal pursuit from"efficiency logic"to"benefit logic",the cultivation subject from"single subject"to"multiple subjects",and the guarantee support from"system guidance"to"rule of law".