初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响

Effects of of Colostrum Feeding Times on Performance of Jersey Calves

为研究探讨初乳饲喂次数对娟姗犊牛生产性能的影响,试验选取初生重接近的健康娟姗犊牛20头,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组,每组5头犊牛,试验期为60天。4组犊牛出生当日饲喂两次初乳,首次初乳量按照体重的10.0%进行灌服,第2次初乳于出生后6~8 h按照体重的5.0%进行饲喂。4组犊牛出生当日在产房饲养,2日龄时均转为室外犊牛岛单栏饲养。2日龄后,对照组每天上午06:00和下午16:00时各饲喂常乳1次,2~6日龄每次饲喂1.50 L,7~20日龄每次饲喂1.80 L,21~35日龄每次饲喂2.50L,36~60日龄每次饲喂3.00 L,自7日龄开始犊牛自由采食颗粒料。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别继续饲喂初乳至犊牛2日龄、4日龄、6日龄后再饲喂常乳,饲喂时间和饲喂量与对照组一致。结果表明:(1)在饲喂初乳后48 h、72 h、96 h,试验组与对照组犊牛血清免疫球蛋白g(IgG)均差异显著(p<0.05),120 h、144h、168 h,试验Ⅰ组与对照组比较,犊牛血清Ig G含量差异不显著(p>0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清Ig G含量与对照组相比,差异极显著(p<0.01)。(2)随着初乳饲喂次数的增加,可有效降低犊牛20日龄内腹泻发生率,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较对照组比较犊牛腹泻发生率分别降低9.5%、22.5%、36.5%,治疗犊牛腹泻总成本较对照组分别下降12.0元、43.2元、76.8元,3组试验组犊牛成活率为100.0%。(3)初乳饲喂次数的增加,使0~60日龄娟姗犊牛平均日增重(ADG)升高,试验组与对照组相比较,日增重均差异极显著(p<0.01),分别增加16.7 g、33.3 g、80.0 g。试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组较试验Ⅰ组ADG差异也极显著(p<0.01)。综合考虑,建议娟姗犊牛饲喂初乳至6日龄,可降低犊牛腹泻发生率、减少治疗费用,提高犊牛成活率及ADG。

This experiment investigated the effects of feeding times of colostrum on performance of Jersey calves.Twenty healthy Jersey calves with similar birth weight were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,with 5 calves in each group and the experiment lasted for 60 days.Calves in the 4 groups were fed colostrum twice according to their weight on the day of birth. The first was fed after birth on 10.0% of body weight,and the second was 5.0% of body weight 6~8 hours after birth. The calves in the 4 groups were raised in the calving area on the day of birth,and since the age of 2 days, they were all raised in hutches outside separately. After 2 days of age,calves in the control group were fed regular milk at 06:00 and 16:00 each day,1.50 L at 2~6 days of age,1.80 L at 7~20 days of age,2.50 L at 21~35 days of age,and 3.00 L at 36~60 days of age. And from 7 days of age,calves were free to take Calf grain. Experimental Groups:Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,were fed colostrum until calves were 2,4 and 6 days of age, respectively,then regular milk. The feeding time and feeding quantity were the same as those of the control group. The results show that:(1)At 48 h,72 h,96 h after feeding of colostrum,there was difference in serum IgG between experimental group and control group(P < 0.05),and at 120 h,144 h,168 h after feeding,there was no significant difference in serum IgG content between experimental group I and control group(P > 0.05).The serum IgG content of test groups II and Ⅲ was different from that of control(P < 0.01).(2)when feeding times of colostrum were increased,the diarrhea incidence of calves at 20 days of age could be reduced. Compared with the control group,the diarrhea incidence of calves in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was reduced by 9.5,22.5 and 36.5 percentage point,respectively,and the cost of treating diarrhea of calves was decreased by 12.0 yuan,43.2 yuan and 76.8 yuan.The survival rate of calves in all experimental groups was 100.0%.(3) With the increase of colostrum feeding times,ADG of 0~60 days Jersey calves showed an increasing trend,and there was a difference in daily gain between the experimental group and the control group(P < 0.01),were increased by 16.7,33.3 and 80.0. ADG in test groups II and Ⅲ was different from that in test group(P < 0.01).In conclusion:It is recommended that Jersey calves be fed colostrum to 6 days of age,which can reduce the diarrhea rate of calves,the treatment cost,and improve the survival rate and ADG of calves.