云南漾濞M_(S)6.4地震强震动特征和震害分析

ANALYSIS OF STRONG GROUND MOTION CHARACTERISTICS AND EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE FOR THE YANGBI M_(S)6.4 EARTHQUAKE,YUNNAN

2021年5月21日云南省大理白族自治州漾濞县发生M_(S)6.4地震,中国国家强震动观测台网在此次地震中获得了一批高质量的强震动加速度记录。文中对该地震的29组强震动加速度记录进行处理,绘制了3个方向的地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、峰值速度(PGV)空间分布图;将观测的地震动PGA、加速度反应谱值(SA)与国内常用的地震动衰减关系计算值进行了对比;分析了观测地震动的幅值、时频特征,并将近场台站记录的反应谱与中国建筑抗震设计规范谱进行了对比分析;同时,结合现场震害调查分析了极震区结构震害较轻的主要原因。结果表明,漾濞M_(S)6.4地震水平向地震动PGA和PGV的最大值都位于震中附近,地震动沿NNW向衰减最慢;漾濞地震中土层场地的实际观测值与中国常用的中国西部、川藏区水平向基岩地震动衰减关系的计算值吻合较好,而基岩场地的观测值则小于常用衰减关系计算值。距离震中最近的漾濞台(53YBX)水平向加速度记录的能量主要集中在0.07~0.13s周期,加速度反应谱在T<0.14s时显著高于中国建筑抗震设计规范的罕遇地震动设计谱,反应谱卓越周期为0.1s。震中附近主要建筑物为自振周期0.1s的1层老旧穿斗木构架结构和2~3层砖混、框架结构。上述地震动特征分析很好地解释了此次地震破坏最严重的是1层的老旧穿斗木构架结构,而2~3层的砖混、框架结构几乎没有破坏或破坏很轻的震害现象。

The M_(S)6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi County,Dali Prefecture,Yunnan Province on May 21,2021,the epicenter is located at the southwest boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan rhomboid block,where Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan Fault meets Honghe Fault.According to data released by the China Earthquake Networks Center,the Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake is the only earthquake in recent years with MS>6.0 in the epicentral region.The National Strong-Motion Observation Network System(NSMONS)of China has built strong motion stations with relatively large density in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces,NSMONS has obtained a large number of high quality strong ground motion acceleration recordings during this earthquake.In the process of earthquake,the different characteristics of strong ground motion often lead to the different characteristics of building structure damage in the epicentral region.In-depth analysis of ground motion observation characteristics is helpful to deepen the understanding of earthquake damage.In this study,the NGA-West 2 data processing flow and reasonable and reliable high-pass filtering frequency selection criteria were used to process 29 sets of strong ground motion acceleration recordings of the earthquake,we obtained reliable peak ground acceleration(PGA),peak ground velocity(PGV),and 5%damped acceleration response spectra(SA).We drew the spatial distribution maps of PGA and PGV in the E-W,N-S,and U-D directions,compared the observed ground motion PGA,SA with the calculated values of the ground motion attenuation relationships commonly used in western China and Sichuan-Tibet region,and analyzed the amplitude and time-frequency characteristics of the observed ground motions,and a comparative analysis was performed between the spectral acceleration recorded by the near-field stations with the design spectra of the code for seismic design of buildings in China.Combined with the on-site earthquake damage investigation,the main reasons for the lighter structural damage in the meizoseismal area were analyzed.The results show that the maximum horizontal PGA and PGV of the Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake recorded by the station both locate near the epicenter and the horizontal ground motion attenuates the slowest along the north-northwestern direction,which is basically the same as the long axis direction of isoseismals of seismic intensity map released by Yunnan Earthquake Agency.However,the vertical ground motion attenuates the slowest along the near north-south direction.The actual observation values on the soil site in the Yangbi earthquake are in good agreement with the calculated values of the horizontal ground motion attenuation relationships commonly used in western China and Sichuan-Tibet region,while the observation values on the bedrock site are smaller than the calculated values of the horizontal ground motion attenuation relationships commonly used in western China and Sichuan-Tibet region,which indicates the horizontal ground motion attenuation relationships commonly used in western China and Sichuan-Tibet region derived from the transfer method may over-predict the observation values on the bedrock site.According to the time-frequency diagram obtained by using the wavelet transform,the energy recorded in the EW and NS directions of the station 53YBX,which is the nearest station to the epicenter,is mainly concentrated in 8~15Hz,and the corresponding period range is 0.07~0.13s,while the energy recorded in the UD direction is mainly concentrated in 20Hz,and the corresponding period range is about 0.05s.When the period is smaller than 0.14s,the spectral accelerations in the EW and NS directions of the station 53YBX is significantly higher than the basic ground motion design spectra and rare ground motion design spectra of the code for seismic design of buildings in China;the remarkable period of the acceleration response spectra is 0.1s,the reaction spectrum decreases rapidly when the period is greater than 0.1s,the spectral acceleration corresponding to the superior period in the N-S direction of station 53YBX is 3.87 times the value of the rare ground motion design spectra platform.Most buildings near the epicenter are the one-story old timber frame structures which were built in the 1980s and 1990s,with a natural period of 0.1s,and the 2~3-story brick and concrete frame structures which were built in recent years.According to the analysis of above ground motion characteristics of the Yangbi M_(S)6.4 earthquake,the most serious damage of this earthquake is the one-story old timber frame structure,while the 2~3-story brick and concrete frame structure has little damage or very light damage.This phenomenon should be related to the characteristics of the structure itself and the disrepair of the structure,the extremely rich ground motion component with a period of 0.1s,and the relatively less ground motion component with a period of more than 0.14s.