天津市和石家庄市公众空气污染风险感知研究

Research on public risk perception of air pollution in Tianjin and Shijiazhuang

目的探究天津市、石家庄市两城市公众空气污染风险感知水平的影响因素,识别空气污染风险感知与细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM2.5)日均暴露之间的关系。方法用整群抽样法对天津市、石家庄市两座城市的公众进行问卷调查。使用t检验比较不同城市的风险感知水平,使用线性回归模型和Logistic回归分析模型探索空气污染风险感知水平和应对空气污染所采取的防护措施的影响因素。结果本研究筛选出3 902份有效问卷。天津市公众受教育程度和家庭年收入水平越高的人群,对空气污染的熟悉度更高,而受教育程度高、家庭年收入水平高的年轻女性,对空气污染所导致的健康影响更加敏感。PM2.5日均暴露量与公众风险感知之间的相关性存在地域差异。天津市的公众,对于政府越信任,对空气污染风险越熟悉,年龄越小的人群,他们面对空气污染愿意采取措施的可能性越高。石家庄市的公众,受教育程度越高,年龄越小的人群,采取应对措施的意愿越强烈。结论公众的空气污染风险感知水平在一定程度受到年龄、受教育程度、家庭年收入水平的影响,且与采取的空气污染应对措施存在一定的相关性。天津市公众的风险感知水平与PM2.5的日均暴露量和浓度呈正相关关系。

Objective To explore the determining factors influencing public risk perception of air pollution in Tianjin and Shijiazhuang,and to identify the relationship between risk perception and fine particulate matter(PM2.5)daily average exposure.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in Tianjin and Shijiazhuang by cluster sampling method.T-test was conducted for comparison analysis of the risk perception in different cities.Linear regression model and Logistic regression model were employed to explore the determining factors of public perception and preventive actions of air pollution respectively.Results A total of 3902 valid questionnaires were screened out.The public with higher education and income in Tianjin were more familiar with air pollution,while the young women with higher education and income were more sensitive to the health impact caused by air pollution.There were geographical differences in the correlation between PM2.5 average daily doses and public risk perception.The more the public in Tianjin trust the government,the more familiar they are with the risk of air pollution,the younger the public,the more likely it is to take measures towards air pollution.For the public in Shijiazhuang,the higher the level of education and the younger the population,the higher the willingness to take countermeasures.Conclusions The risk perception of air pollution was influenced by age,education level,and income level to a certain extent,and is related to the pollution prevention and control measures taken.The Tianjin public’s risk perception was positively correlated with the average daily doses and concentration of PM2.5.