复合材料层合壳在碳纤维主轴中的建模及仿真分析

Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Composite Laminated Shell in Carbon Fiber Spindle

现有技术中的机床主轴质量比过大、惯性矩大,不适用于高速加工。而碳纤维主轴轻质高强,有利于减小芯轴的转动惯量,在确保主轴高速加工中快速响应的同时还可以很好地控制精度。以碳纤维主轴上的T300碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合壳为研究对象,首先应用拉格朗日方程建立线性动力学模型,通过瑞利-里茨法计算得到刚度矩阵和质量矩阵,求出模型的低阶固有频率值。再应用有限元软件ABAQUS,将数值模拟与理论计算所得到的固有频率进行对比,研究不同几何参数对固有频率和主振型等振动特性的影响。结果表明:不同几何参数对T300碳纤维环氧树脂复合材料层合壳固有频率和主振型均有较大影响,对实现机床主轴轻量化、保证刚度均有重要的指导意义。

The weight ratio and inertia moment of machine tool spindle are large,and not suitable for high-speed processing.Carbon fiber spindle with light weight and high strength is conducive to reduce the inertia of the spindle.It can not only ensure fast response of the spindle in high-speed processing,but also control precision well.The T300 carbon fiber epoxy composite laminated shell on the carbon fiber spindle was taken as the research object.Firstly,the linear dynamic model was established by using the Lagrange equation,and the stiffness matrix and mass matrix were calculated by using Rayleigh-Ritz method,and the low order frequencies of the model were obtained.Then the finite element software ABAQUS was used to compare the numerical simulation results with the theoretical results,and the effects of different geometric parameters on the frequencies and mode shapes were studied.The results show that different geometric parameters have important influence on the frequencies and mode shapes of T300 carbon fiber epoxy composite shell,which has important guiding significance to realize lightweight of machine tool spindle.