腐熟秸秆替代化肥对冬小麦田节肢动物群落结构与小麦产量的影响

Effects of fermented straw substituting fertilizer on arthropod community structure and grain yield in winter wheat field

通过开展等氮条件下腐熟秸秆替代化肥定位试验,研究不同施肥处理对冬小麦田节肢动物群落结构与小麦产量的影响,以期为化肥减量施用和秸秆资源化利用提供理论依据。试验共设置5个处理:单施化肥、腐熟秸秆替代20%、50%、80%和100%化肥。结果显示:随着腐熟秸秆替代化肥量的增多,害虫数量呈现减少趋势,天敌数量呈现先增后减的趋势。以腐熟秸秆替代50%化肥为节点,除了害虫优势集中性指数,节肢动物群落各主要特征值均随着替代量的增多呈现先增后减的趋势。当腐熟秸秆替代化肥达50%及以上时,小麦各产量指标均显著低于单施化肥。结论表明腐熟秸秆替代化肥比例宜控制在50%以下。

In order to reduce fertilizer application and utilize straw resources,the research on effects of fermented straw substituting fertilizer in equal nitrogen level on arthropod community structure and grain yield in winter wheat field had been carried out.Five treatments of different proportions of fermented straw substituting fertilizer were designed:conventional fertilization,fermented straw substituting fertilizers by 20%,50%,80%and100%,respectively.The result showed that:With the increase of the amount of fermented straw substituting fertilizers,pests number showed a decrease trend,natural enemies number did a increase at first and then a decrease.When the fermented straw substituting 50%fertilizers and above,in addition to the pests dominant concentration index,arthropod community main characteristic value increased at first and then decreased,but the wheat yield index was significantly lower than conventional fertilization.Therefore,the proportion of fermented straw substituting fertilizer is suitable for being controlled lower than 50%.